Amaranth Advisors

Amaranth Advisors LLC was created in 2000 as a multi-strategy hedge breed with approximately $600 million in capital. It sought to hire a diverse group of arbitrage trading strategies particularly featuring sofa bed bonds, mergers and utilities. In 2002, Amaranth added energy commodity trading to its slate of strategies with JP Morgan Chase elucidation Amaranths commodity trades. A multi-strategy line runs several different strategies in-house that get to the total performance of the fund.A single-strategy fund concentrates the whole portfolio on champion strategy. Amaranth was long immanent vaunt futures. They enjoyed spacious profits from essential gas futures and option trades in 2005 and early 2006. Brian Hunter used absorbed money to double-down on his bets. Buying more futures deoxidizes of this same kind supported their price by increasing demand, which then increased the price gains. It seemed that Brian Hunter was acting on his own entity and that there was littl e to no communication between the brilliance trader and the management team.Even though the firm emphasized that its fund was multi-strategy, most of the recent losings were driven by adverse natural gas trades. Prior to this debacle, most investors who viewed reports from this firm saw no causal agent to worry about its performance although some privy to their portfolio positions expressed concern. Amaranths misfortunes were solely a result of poor risk management. Also, even though the firm lost over $6 billion in a matter of days, the losses had minimal impact in the industry as a whole.The hearings on natural gas speculation by the perm subcommittee on investigations of the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental personal matters clearly demonstrate that the Amaranth debacle could have been easily avoided had ICE bid NYMEX had the ability to limit Amaranth positions. In 2006, NYMEX examined Amaranths positions and calculated that Amaranth held about 51% of t he open interest in the kinsfolk natural gas futures contract which would expire at the end of the month. NYMEX determined that this was too large and on August 8 NYMEX compliance officials notified Amaranth of their concerns.During a follow up poster on August 9 NYMEX further notified Amaranth that they should not reduce folk positions simply by shifting those positions to the October contract. Amaranth complied with NYMEXs directions and subsequently reduced its September and October positions. However, at the same time Amaranth increased its positions in September and October in ICE contracts and as a results increased their overall positions in natural gas. The events that followed in late August and September led to huge losses with Amaranth losing significant value.The losses were created delinquent to overconfidence, lack of transparency, and lack of risk management. Amaranth enjoyed huge profits and thought prices would just keep rising. There was no communication betwee n Hunter and the management team. Also, investors had no knowledge that the majority of the portfolio was invested in natural gas positions. Leverage played a huge usance in the losses. A hedge fund will typically take on money, with certain funds borrowing sums many times greater than the sign investment.If a hedge fund has borrowed $9 for every $1 get from investors, a loss of only 10% of the value of the investments of the hedge fund will wipe out 100% of the value of the investors stake in the fund, once the creditors have called in their loans. Risk management at Amaranth failed in August and September of 2006, resulting in the massive loss of over $5 billion in about a week. In the commodities markets only 10 percent was required as collateral for margin calls. Amaranth could also borrow at up to eight times assets to achieve massive amounts of leverage.Amaranths systems didnt appear to measure correctly how much risk it face and what steps would limit losses effectively. The risk models use historic information but the natural gas markets were more volatile in 2006, which elucidate models useless. Amaranth used spread trades in natural gas futures and options markets to hedge their bets and overlook risk. Still, these spreads can widen and losses can increase. Going forward, appropriate due diligence should be done by the management team to make sure this does not happen again. Amaranth could have also protected with rectify downside protection such as put options.