Wednesday, July 31, 2019

India’s Unsung Heroes of the Sports World

The games are starting. It's time to forget the roofs, the bridges and the crap – whether it's coming from dogs or the organizing committee. Indian sports fans can probably tell you Sachin Tendulkar’s birthday, hobbies and favorite music. But ask fans to name more than 5 people who are representing India at the Commonwealth Games and they will struggle. We all know Saina Nehwal and Lee-Hesh. Here are a few more that you may not know. Sharath Kamal (Table Tennis) – The 2006 Commonwealth Games gold medal winner seems to be in a good position to bring home another gold. He's been in good form this year and has displayed the maturity and confidence that all winners possess. Let's also not forget he has been Indian number one for the past seven years. Pictured right. Ananya Panigrahi (Swimming) – She is not old enough to drive a car or even had her sweet 16th birthday for that matter, but this 14 year old will be the youngest athlete representing India in this years games. A medal may be difficult at her age, but you never know. Sushil Kumar (Wrestling) – If you don’t know this man then you need to read the sports pages more often. He just won a gold at the World Championships in Moscow a few weeks ago and seems like a dead cert to win the 66 kg category. A medal is there for the taking, let's hope it’s a shiny gold one. Vijender Singh, Akhil Kumar and Jai Bhagwan (Boxing) – This could be a gold rush for India. In the Commonwealth Boxing Championships in March our boxers picked up 6 gold medals, and there are three guys in the frame to do us proud this time. Top of the pile is superstar and crowd favorite Vijender Singh (Beijing bronze medal-winner), followed by Jai Bhagwan and Akhil Kumar, the Commonwealth 2006 Gold winner and infamously, the athlete whose bed collapsed at the CWG village. One final note: I’ve heard some talk of fans boycotting the games. That would be a disaster. If there was ever a time for fans to get together and support our athletes it's now. The first impression of the CWG has not been good, so let's make sure the lasting impression is a memorable one.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Finding the Ratio of Mole of Reactants in a Chemical Reaction

Title: Finding the Ratio of Mole of Reactants in a Chemical Reaction Purpose of Lab: To find the coefficients of two chemical reactants that appears in a balanced chemical equation using the continuous variations method. Pre Lab Questions: 1. 2AgNO3(aq) + K2CrO4(aq) > 2KNO3(aq) + Ag2CrO4(s) 2. There is enough to make a valid conclusion because, on the graph, one can clearly see that the two lines intersect. Thus, one can also determine the mole ratio. The mole ratio is approximately 2:1 (AgNO? to K? Cr? ). Procedure: 1.Obtain 175mL of the bleach solution in a clean 400mL beaker and 175mL of Solution B in another beaker. 2. Measure the temperature of both solutions and record. The solutions should be the same temperature. If they are not, you will need to make a correction for the temperature difference. 3. Using a clean 10mL graduated cylinder, measure 5. 0m: of NaClO and pour the solution into a Styrofoam cup. Using a clean 50mL graduated cylinder, measure 45. 0mL of Solution B and add this to the Styrofoam cup. 4. Stir with a thermometer, and record the maximum temperature reached of the final solution in your data table. . Pour the solution out, rinse the cup and thermometer, and repeat steps 1-4 using a different ratio of the two substances, always keeping the volume at 50. 0mL. 6. Continue testing various ratios until you have at least three measurements on each side of the one that gave the greatest temperature difference. 7. Plot your data on a graph, ? T ? vs. Reactant volume (mL). 8. Draw two best fit straight lines, and determine where they intersect. Be sure to include the points at the 0:50mL and 50:0mL rations. If at any points do not fall close to the lines, repeat these measurements.Find the stoichiometric mole ration of reactants from the line of intersection on the graph. Data: Initial Temp of both: 23. 5? Na2SO3 (mL)| NaClO(mL)| Max. Temp. (? )| 45. 0mL| 5. 0mL| 28. 9? | 5. 0mL| 45. 0mL| 27. 5? | 25. 0mL| 25. 0mL| 42. 3? | 40. 0mL| 10. 0mL| 33 . 4? | 10. 0mL| 40. 0mL| 30. 9? | 30. 0mL| 20. 0mL| 43. 5? | 20. 0mL| 30. 0mL| 38. 6? | Conclusion: In this lab we found the coefficients of two chemical reactants that appeared in a balanced chemical equation using the continuous variations method. The mole ratio turned out to be 1:1.One can be able to find the correct mole ratio after plotting the results on a graph that showed the trend of change in temperature. Theory: The theory of this experiment was continuous variation because it gives the stoichiometric ratios for the correct chemical equation if one does them correctly. Error Analysis: Instead of keeping just one initial temperature for all the tests, to make it more accurate, we could have measured the initial temperature of the solutions before each reaction. The exactness of the thermometer could have altered our results. Related essay: Measuring Reaction Rate Using Volume of Gas Produced LabAlso, there was an error in measuring the reactants using graduated cylinders. This most likely happened because graduated cylinders are not the most accurate way to measure a liquid. Post Lab Questions: 1. Different temperature changes occur when mixing different volumes of the two reactants. The experiment was made so the volume of solution and the total number of moles of reactants was a constant for all of  experiments, since temperature change was directly proportional to the amount of reactants. Therefore, the optimum ratio is the ratio of the volume of reactants.It consumed the greatest amount of reactants, formed the greatest amount of products, and generated the most heat and maximum temperature change 2. A constant volume of reactants must be kept in all trials so that the subsequent changes in temperature can be compared. They are proportional to the amount of reactants consumed in the reaction. 3. Ye s. The concentrations of  the two solutions must be the same in order for the stoichiometric mole ratio of the reactants to be accurate after the results of the trial are graphed because molar  concentration is moles of solute divided by liter of solution. . A limiting reagent is reactants in a chemical reaction that will be completely gone before all other reactants in the reaction are used up. This will also cause the reaction to stop. 5. Both measurements limit the precision of the data. The measurement of temperature limits the precision of the data to 3 significant figures. The thermometer used was able to be read to the tenths of a degree. On the other hand, the measurement of  volume limits the precision of the data to 2 significant figures.The graduated cylinders used, only could measure volume to the nearest mL and anything after that was an estimate. 6. The limiting reagent along the upward sloping line of the graph is Na? SO?. The limiting reagent along the downward slope line is NaClO. 7. Other physical properties that could be used in the method of continuous variation, besides temperature change, could be color change, the mass of a precipitate that forms, and/or the volume of a gas produced. 8.It is more accurate to use the point of intersection of the two lines to find the mole ratio rather than the ratio associated with the greater temperature change because one most likely did not use the exact mole ratio. Thus, the point of intersection is a more likely an average. Also, the maximum amount of each reactant might not have been used to get the highest temperature; the highest temp wouldn't necessarily have the highest mole to more ratios. 9. The average of the temperatures would be used as the initial temperature.Graph: Calculations: The intersection point was at approximately 28. 6 mL Na? SO3? and 21. 4 mL NaClO. Moles Na? SO3? = 0. 5 M(. 0286 L) = . 0143 moles Na? SO3? Moles NaClO = 0. 5 M(. 0214 L) = . 0107 moles NaClO .0143 moles Na? SO3? /. 0107 = 1. 34 moles Na? SO3? which rounds to the nearest whole number, 1 . 0107 moles NaClO/. 0107 = 1 mole NaClO The stoichiometric mole ratio is 1:1 for the reactants. The actual stoichiometric mole ratio for the reaction is 1:1.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Business Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Planning - Essay Example The plan on Brian’s book barn should include young people on its managerial team. The two managers have experience and relevant training but cannot understand the current market perfectly. For example, there is a proposal that the major market for their books and magazines will be children and parents. The plan should also include services from the book barn. The current ones will not appeal to the modern teenager who is interested in modern phenomena. There should be reductions of books and magazines that have less fascinating topics to the contemporary person. There could be improvements if the plan on the book barn had fewer objectives. Fewer objectives for any business plan make businesses more practical because it proves that management can handle the fulfillment of the same objectives. The plan on the salon business could be effective if it were comprehensive in its mention of the capital of the entire business. The management should make research that is more intensive than the one it made on basics of salon business. The research will facilitate better knowledge of salon trends that is necessary for the preparation of a perfect business plan. The plan should also ensure that there is the evident reflection of most of its funding. This will facilitate the easy realization of any aspects that would compromise on the success of the entire salon business. Business plans present relevant summaries of their respective businesses. If people wish to establish businesses, they must hire professional to help them.

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Occupations that are more dangerous then the building trades Essay

Occupations that are more dangerous then the building trades - Essay Example The freezing waters, unpredictable storms, harsh weather conditions, handling of the heavy fishing machines and attacking by water creatures, are the causes of high fatality rate in the fishing industry. In 2008, fishing industry had an average of 129 deaths in every 100,000 fishermen, and 61 injuries in 100,000 fishermen, hence ranked the most dangerous occupation in the world. Aircraft pilot is among the most dangerous occupations in the world. Its death rate is 57.1 per 100,000 pilots. Bush dusting and crop dusting are the most fatal. This is because flying very close to the ground in small planes can be very fatal. Pilots work for very long hours, and pilots have very limited options in saving their planes when crushing (Cullen). Most farmers and ranchers are over 65 years, and they use tractors, heavy machinery and herbicides. Inhalation of herbicides and other chemicals, long working hours during planting and harvesting causes a great risk to their health. This, therefore, makes farming and ranching among the dangerous occupations. . Truck drivers drive heavy trucks for long hours with no proper rest. Increased traffic, being alert for long hours, heavy vehicles with heavy loads create a challenge in this industry. When driving, the drivers can be attacked by robbers, murdered and even raped. The fatality rate stands at 18.3 per 100,000 (Cullen 67). Garbage collectors also face a great challenge. Hanging on the back of garbage trucks is very dangerous. The toxic materials, acids, blood in the garbage are harmful to the collector. The collector can be seriously injured or even die. The fatality rate is at 41.8 per 100,000 garbage collectors. An occupation is termed as safe by its ability to withstand harsh economic conditions. Health care is one of the occupations that can survive even in economic hardship. This is because; people will still need the health care services despite the economic situation. We cannot do without energy. Even

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Capital Budgetting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Capital Budgetting - Research Paper Example This topic has various fields such as capital budgeting which acts as an instrument in the monetary and fiscal policy. The two policies are necessary in improving net worth in the economy of a country in order to enhance development. This is mainly achieved through the reliance of debts rather than from other convectional sources such as tax. Capital budgeting is introduced in the economy so as to reduce deficit caused when expenditure exceeds revenue. In addition, capital budgeting is also primarily concerned with investment in the economy within long-term assets. These assets can either be tangible items such as equipment and property or intangible such as technology, trademarks and patents. However, the key challenge in capital budgeting is defining appropriate balances between current and capital expenditure. It is, therefore, important to enhance proper capital budgeting in order to reduce debts. This paper work analyzes a comprehensive research on capital budgeting in the econo my. This is in an effort to identify some aspects of corporate practices, which are consistent with capital budgeting policies and decisions. Capital budgeting decisions Capital budgeting decisions is highly applicable in the economy to maximize market values of firms to their shareholders. The decisions, therefore, have greater and long range impacts on the performance of firms. This is because the nature of the capital budgeting decision can either cause success or failure of a firm in the economy framework. According to financial theory by Keynes, capital budgeting decisions revolve around assets values. This is by ensuring value of assets in the entire economy is equivalent to the discounted values of the expected future cash flow (Graham & Harvey, 2002). Net present value (NPV) vs. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) These are two capital budgeting decision measures that are used to evaluate the nature of the product market before undertaking investment project. This means that firms contemplating investment in the capital market need to embrace net present value (NPV) rule in order to know when to undertake projects. According to this rule, a firm is only required to undertake capital investment project when NPV is either zero or positive. However, current survey shows that many firms across the world use internal rate of return (IRR) as a primary criterion of evaluating capital investment projects (Gervais, 2009). According to a survey that was conducted in 2000 among large companies in the world, 10 percent of them relied on NPV as a primary source of business evaluation while more that 50 percent relied on internal rate of return. Although the two methods have a similarity in evaluating the nature of the market, they exhibit critical difference in that IRR is expressed in ratio form while NPV measures the value added in dollar. However, Dayananda indicates that research shows that most of the companies and firms across the globe uses internal rate of return and net present value for their capital budgeting techniques. In addition, large firms record high rate of using NPV than small companies. This is because they require more accurate measure to prevent incurring higher losses because they engage in paramount investment (Dayananda, 2002). In addition, some surveys show that NPV is also like to be used by firms with high leverage than IRR contrary to firms with a reduced debt

Friday, July 26, 2019

The bicycle Thieves Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The bicycle Thieves - Essay Example It should be clarified that the movement began not to highlight the economic decline that followed World War II but because of it. The film-making industry suffered in particular – by the conversion of studios in to military and refugee camps, the lack of equipment and the unreliability of the electrical supply. This lead to the production of films shot strictly on location, capturing the war-ravaged sights of post-war Italy – and focusing on a more honest portrayal of real lives and real people. Neo-realist filmmakers believed that cinema had moral repercussions and should thus be manipulated carefully to draw attention towards some truths. ‘The Bicycle Thieves’, in keeping with traditional neo-realist films casts non-professional actors in lead roles. Indeed, the protagonist of the movie, Antonio Ricci, was played by Lamberto Maggiorani, a worker himself. The character Antonia Ricci is shown to have been unemployed for almost two years at the start of the film before he is offered a job – the sole requirement of which is the possession of a bicycle. Despite knowing that he does not own one, Ricci takes up the job of putting up movies posters around town. His wife, Maria, pawns linen bed-sheets that were a part of her dowry in exchange for money to buy a bicycle. On their way home, his wife stops at an old building, claiming to meet someone. However, Antonio discovers that Maria is actually there to give money to a clairvoyant who predicted that he would get a job soon. Ricci mocks her and tells her off for being superstitious. The next day, as Antonio sets out for work, a young man steals his bicycle while his back is turned and takes off with it. Antonio pursues him frenetically until he loses track of him. He goes to the police to enlist their help but discovers that there is not much they can do. In despair, Antonio takes to walking the streets and scouting marketplaces with his son, Bruno, and his friends in search of his bicycle. Their search leads them to many places and to falsely accusing a man of possessing the stolen bicycle. However, after vainly attempting to find it, they give up. At this point, Antonio decides to treat his son to dinner at a restaurant. The scene that follows is pivotal to the theme of the movie. While Antonio and Bruno are enjoying their meal, Bruno keeps turning around to look at another seemingly wealthier family dining at a table nearby. He exchanges glances with a boy his own age seated at this table. Antonio notices this, and exclaims with frustration ‘To eat like that, you’d have to earn at least a million a month.’ Antonio and Bruno, in the throes of their despair, go to see the clairvoyant that Antonio had mocked earlier on. It is interesting to note that when faced with the prospect of poverty, Ricci turns to the same superstitions he derided his wife for believing in while when at the start of the film, shortly after the acquisition of his bi cycle and a job, he believes them to be associated with irrationality and thus baseless. The clairvoyant gives Ricci vague and unhelpful advice, telling him that he would either find his bicycle today o not at all. Dismayed, Bruno and Antonio leave the building. Soon after, however, they spot the thief who had stolen his bicycle. They chase him down, but are surrounded by hostile neighbors. Bruno discreetly slips away to find a policeman while Antonio accuses the thief of having

Bank of America or McDonalds Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bank of America or McDonalds - Case Study Example This is because they help the organization in achieving several objectives. This includes planning and executing functions such as marketing. Talent management program has aided the expansion of the bank in America. This has made the management of the bank tap the best talent from the market. According to Goldsmith & Carter (2010), the bank has been successful because their talent management plan facilitates the training of employees. In the plan, several principles have assisted in devising a comprehensive program for succession at the bank. Goldsmith & Carter (2010,) assert that the implementation of the program led to the growth of the bank. Indeed, the management engaged in consultations prior to designing programs that helped in equipping employees with skills necessary for enhancing growth at the institution. The bank devised a seven-point program that emphasized the importance of leadership at the helm of the organization. According to the plan, the transition of roles happens at the departmental level. This handled leadership dilemmas that led to the fall of competitor banks. The bank survived by recognizing diversity in populations when designing programs that tap talent. The institution believes that success is a combination of stratagem that taps the potential of different employees (Lawler, 2008). The human resource department designed phases for tapping talent into the firm. Initially, they recruited the best from the job market. Thereafter, they collaborated with firms that assisted in designing programs for recruiting the best. The management succeeded in their ventures because they sought advice from professional bodies and reputable recruitment agencies (Lawler, 2008). The selection process ensured that members selected to fit in the organization.

Thursday, July 25, 2019

History of the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History of the United States - Essay Example Lincoln's Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction offered pardon to southern whites who took an oath of allegiance to the U.S. and accepted the abolition of slavery. Significantly, the Reconstruction period from 1865 to 1877 witnessed hostilities between the North and South and President Andrew Johnson was assassinated over the issue of reconstruction policy. "However, Radical Republicans in Congress wanted to punish the South for seceding from the Union. These two factions argued over Reconstruction policies and created further ill will between the North and South. Racism in the South also prevented the newly freed slaves from achieving equality in the political, economic, and social arenas of American life." (United States History to 1877) Therefore, Reconstruction in the United States which attempted to give meaning to the freedom that the former slaves had achieved was a long process which lasted from 1865 to 1877 and this paper makes a profound analysis of the reconstruction policies of Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson, and the Radical Republicans. Abraham Lincoln made a vital step towards Reconstruction in the United States when he maintained that the freed slaves in the nation should be granted the rights of the American citizens instead of being urged to leave the country. The reconstruction process of President Lincoln gained the support of his loyal and reconstructed Unionists and this was an essential factor in the success of his policies. According to the reconstruction process of President Lincoln, the national government exerted an unprecedented amount of power to free the salves and guarantee their equal rights as free citizens. "That is why the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution contained clauses that 'Congress shall have power' to enforce these provisions for liberty and equal rights." (Reconstruction, 1863-1877) Significantly, Lincoln's reconstruction policy is best illustrated by the famous phrase in his Second Inaugural Address: 'With malice toward none, with charity for all' an d he was not able to complete the process of reconstruction due to his assassination in April 1865. After the death of Lincoln, Andrew Johnson was elevated to the Presidency of the United States and he was the only U.S. Senator from the South not to resign in 1861. The reconstruction policies of Andrew Johnson marked the formal completion of Reconstruction. Andrew Johnson's reconstruction policies reflected his firm belief in states' rights, his vigorous opposition of black suffrage, and the intense hatred of the pre-war Southern plantation aristocracy. Although the official reason for the impeachment of Andrew Johnson was that he had violated the Tenure of Office Act, the real reason was his stubborn defiance of Congress on reconstruction. According to Johnson's reconstruction policies, the states had to swear allegiance to the Union and ratify the 13th amendment in order to reenter the Union. He was willing to pardon high-ranking Confederate officers and "favored states' rights on issues such as giving African Americans the right to vote." He "did not support the Freedman's Burea u and "took a conciliatory approach". (United States History to 1877) In comparison, the reconstruction policies of the Radical Republicans were opposed to those of Abraham Lincoln and Andrew

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Community College of Denver Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Community College of Denver - Essay Example Additionally, it was considered that Science Building would â€Å"physically and visually connect the Auraria campus to the greater Denver community†, so the â€Å"building’s floor-to-ceiling windows† were designed accordingly – to attract passers-by to come in and see what is inside (Wausau Group 1). Thus, in short, the building was supposed to perform a connection between beauty and science. And Donald Lipskis sculpture was called to embody this connection. Referring to the idea, Lipski noted that the common feature between artists and scientists is their â€Å"passion for discovery†, which â€Å"just takes different paths†. The artist believes the â€Å"public institutions of higher education should emphasize and include culture at every opportunity† (Wiebesiek). Psyche is 10 feet high and about 14.5 feet across butterfly sculpture made of steel, resin and glass. It has two pairs of wings – the 8 feet across top wings and 6 feet across bottom wings. Psyche consists of black metal frame which outlines the form of a sculpture with its wings covered with stainless steel net, from where 10,000 test tubes filled with liquid yellow, orange and red acrylic resin are hanging. Donald Lipski explained that test tubes â€Å"are among the most basic and familiar tools of science† (Wiebesiek), which are utilized in medicine as well as physics or chemistry. Moreover, the usage of test tubes in this project is rather symbolic – it indicates the sculpture is not some separate item of design but the one that, in its structure, reflects scientific atmosphere of a place. Hanging at 60 º angle, the butterfly slowly drifts in the air, moved by the air flows of air-conditioning system. While moving and sharing its various shades colors all around, the sculpture resembles a â€Å"monumental stained glass window† (CCI), causing an awesome impression and excitement. From Greek the word â€Å"psyche† can be

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Internal Communication in Organizational Environment Research Paper

Internal Communication - Research Paper Example To sÐ µÃ µ thÐ µ links in tÐ µrms of strÐ µngths and wÐ µaknÐ µssÐ µs bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn thÐ µ communication modÐ µl, human rÐ µsourcÐ µs, and organizational pÐ µrformancÐ µ, thÐ µ managÐ µr must makÐ µ Ð µxplicit mÐ µaning of thÐ µ lÐ µadÐ µrship paradigm that is containÐ µd in thÐ µ tÐ µxt in rÐ µlation to intÐ µrnal communication and motivation and thÐ µ compÐ µtÐ µncy modÐ µl. In this casÐ µ, Ð µffÐ µctivÐ µ communication may bÐ µ dÐ µtÐ µrminÐ µd by how Ð µffÐ µctivÐ µly thÐ µ organizational profÐ µssional is ablÐ µ to motivatÐ µ Ð µmployÐ µÃ µs, rathÐ µr than how adÐ µptly managÐ µmÐ µnt lÐ µadÐ µrship is ablÐ µ to placÐ µ thÐ µm basÐ µd on a filÐ µ kÐ µÃ µping systÐ µm. â€Å"According to Bass, transformational lÐ µadÐ µrs arÐ µ charismatic and inspirational. ThÐ µy intÐ µllÐ µctually stimulatÐ µ followÐ µrs, and thus promotÐ µ rationality and problÐ µm solving skills. ThÐ µy also providÐ µ individualizÐ µd considÐ µration to thÐ µ followÐ µrs† (Thomas, 2010). ThÐ µ conflict in an organization, for Ð µxamplÐ µ, could bÐ µ onÐ µ in which managÐ µrs and Ð µmployÐ µÃ µs arÐ µ having difficulty communicating bÐ µ causÐ µ of distrust on both sidÐ µs, and a gÐ µnÐ µral sÐ µparation of communication and culturÐ µ bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn thÐ µsÐ µ subsÐ µts of thÐ µ organizational Ð µnvironmÐ µnt. This could potÐ µntially lÐ µad to bÐ µhavior in thÐ µ organization that supposÐ µs that managÐ µmÐ µnt is to blamÐ µ for this situation, which could bÐ µ a potÐ µntial conflict in thÐ µ Ð µmployÐ µÃ µ-to-managÐ µmÐ µnt intÐ µraction. And in thÐ µ Ð µmployÐ µÃ µ-to-Ð µmployÐ µÃ µ catÐ µgory of intÐ µraction, othÐ µr Ð µmployÐ µÃ µs must bÐ µ awarÐ µ of how to communicatÐ µ diffÐ µrÐ µncÐ µ positivÐ µly and not wind up ostracizing othÐ µrs in thÐ µ workplacÐ µ. In tÐ µrms of thÐ µ lÐ µadÐ µrship of thÐ µ managÐ µr along thÐ µ linÐ µs of providing conflict rÐ µsolution and providing a valuablÐ µ instructional paradigm, communication is also thÐ µ kÐ µy.

Monday, July 22, 2019

Poems, American Culture and Values Essay Example for Free

Poems, American Culture and Values Essay The poems â€Å"America† written by Allen Ginsberg and Langston Hughes’ â€Å"I, Too† are two of the most controversial pieces in American Literature. The two poems acquire such attention because of the subject they discussed and the points and issues they presented. Ginsberg’s â€Å"America† and â€Å"I, Too† by Hughes tackled values and ethics that is deeply embedded in the American Culture. They integrated in their writings issues about racism and various social problems that has plagued the American system, and has characterized American way of life. However, although the two poems raised identical issues, the manner in which they were presented was different. Furthermore, the prevailing emotion from the two poems was different as Ginsberg work showcased raged, anger, hatred and hopelessness to the system while in Hughes work hope for better future for things is evident. The poem America is conversational in tone and discusses the grievances and disappointments of the writer to the existing American System during that time. Ginsberg is a member of a group called the Beat Writers and the rage he expressed in writing the poem is the organization’s manifestation of hatred to the State of American Culture (Foster, 1992). As one reads the poem he may found himself lost to the illogical manner of presentation of different ideas of the poem. This hopeless illogical way of presentation, mirrors the hopeless and illogic state of American Culture. He even pointed out the insanity of American society going to war such as the â€Å"cold war†. He expressed the ridiculousness of the country, bragging itself as the â€Å"home of the free†, but is in the forefront of oppressing various countries and minority groups. All in all, Ginsberg presented irritations and frustration and how people have lost their individuality with the advent of mass media and technology. On the other hand, Hughes â€Å"I, Too† provided a different view of the social problems present in American Culture. The primary topic is oppression of minorities particularly the isolation of African Americans and whites. The use of â€Å"I† was empowering since it discusses separation and segregation of the American Culture. It iterates that African Americans are also citizens of America and should be treated equally with whites. Unlike the poem America, I, Too states that although the author understand and knew the current social dilemma he is not worried. Hughes stated that the society is slowly realizing the problems at hand, and thus soon everything will turn out write. He does not complain and instead patiently wait for the day that everyone will recognized them as part of America and eventually see how wonderful and beautiful they are as an integral part of the country. As Ginsberg’s work presented hopelessness to the present system, Hughes poem is a picture of great expectations as he viewed a better society for the American people. References Foster, E. H. (1992). Understanding the Beats. South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press.

The Lady or the Tiger Essay Example for Free

The Lady or the Tiger Essay Long ago, in the very olden time, there lived a powerful king. Some of his ideas were progressive. But others caused people to suffer. One of the kings ideas was a public arena as an agent of poetic justice. Crime was punished, or innocence was decided, by the result of chance. When a person was accused of a crime, his future would be judged in the public arena. All the people would gather in this building. During ceremony the king sat high up on his ceremonial chair. He gave a sign. A door under him opened. The accused person stepped out into the arena. Directly opposite the king were two doors. They were side by side, exactly alike. The person on trial had to walk directly to these doors and open one of them. He could open whichever door he pleased. If the accused man opened one door, out came a hungry tiger, the fiercest in the land. The tiger immediately jumped on him and tore him to pieces as punishment for his guilt. The case of the suspect was thus decided. But, if the accused opened the other door, there came forth from it a woman, chosen especially for the person. To this lady he was immediately married, in honor of his innocence. It was not a problem that he might already have a wife and family, or that he might have chosen to marry another woman in the future. The king permitted nothing to interfere with his great method of punishment and reward. The king had a beautiful daughter who was like him in many ways. He loved her above all humanity. The princess secretly loved a young man who was the best-looking and bravest in the land. But he was a commoner, not part of an important family. One day, the king discovered the relationship between his daughter and the young man. The man was immediately put in prison. A day was set for his trial in the kings public arena. This, of course, was an especially important event. Never before had a common subject been brave enough to love the daughter of the king. The king knew that the young man would be punished, even if he opened the right door. And the king would take pleasure in watching the series of events, which would judge whether or not the man had done wrong in loving the princess. The day of the trial arrived. From far and near the people gathered in the arena and outside its walls. The king and his advisers were in their places, opposite the two oors. All was ready. The sign was given. The door under the king opened and the lover of the princess entered the arena. Tall, beautiful and fair, his appearance was met with a sound of approval and tension. Half the people had not known so perfect a young man lived among them. No wonder the princess loved him! What a terrible thing for him to be there! As the young man entered the public arena, he turned to bend to the king. But he did not at all think of the great ruler. The young mans eyes instead were fixed on the princess, who sat to the right of her father. From the day it was decided that the sentence of her lover should be decided in the arena, she had thought of nothing but this event. The princess had more power, influence and force of character than anyone who had ever before been interested in such a case. She had done what no other person had done. She had possessed herself of the secret of the doors. She knew behind which door stood the tiger, and behind which waited the lady. Gold, and the power of a womans will, had brought the secret to the princess. She also knew who the lady was. The lady was one of the loveliest in the kingdom. Now and then the princess had seen her looking at and talking to the young man. The princess hated the woman behind that silent door. She hated her with all the intensity of the blood passed to her through long lines of cruel ancestors. Her lover turned to look at the princess. His eye met hers as she sat there, paler and whiter than anyone in the large ocean of tense faces around her. He saw that she knew behind which door waited the tiger, and behind which stood the lady. He had expected her to know it. The only hope for the young man was based on the success of the princess in discovering this mystery. When he looked at her, he saw that she had been successful, as he knew she would succeed. Then his quick and tense look asked the question: Which? It was as clear to her as if he shouted it from where he stood. There was not time to be lost. The princess raised her hand, and made a short, quick movement toward the right. No one but her lover saw it. Every eye but his was fixed on the man in the arena. He turned, and with a firm and quick step he walked across the empty space. Every heart stopped beating. Every breath was held. Every eye was fixed upon that man. He went to the door on the right and opened it. Now, the point of the story is this: Did the tiger come out of that door, or did the lady? The more we think about this question, the harder it is to answer. It involves a study of the human heart. Think of it not as if the decision of the question depended upon yourself. But as if it depended upon that hot-blooded princess, her soul at a white heat under the fires of sadness and jealousy. She had lost him, but who should have him? How often, in her waking hours and in her dreams, had she started in wild terror, and covered her face with her hands? She thought of her lover opening the door on the other side of which waited the sharp teeth of the tiger! But how much oftener had she seen him open the other door? How had she ground her teeth, and torn her hair, when she had seen his happy face as he opened the door of the lady! How her soul had burned in pain when she had seen him run to meet that woman, with her look of victory. When she had seen the two of them get married. And when she had seen them walk away together upon their path of flowers, followed by the happy shouts of the crowd, in which her one sad cry was lost! Would it not be better for him to die quickly, and go to wait for her in that blessed place of the future? And yet, that tiger, those cries, that blood! Her decision had been shown quickly. But it had been made after days and nights of thought. She had known she would be asked. And she had decided what she would answer. And she had moved her hand to the right. Long ago, in the very olden time, there lived a powerful king. Some of his ideas were progressive. But others caused people to suffer. One of the kings ideas was a public arena as an agent of poetic justice. Crime was punished, or innocence was decided, by the result of chance. When a person was accused of a crime, his future would be judged in the public arena. All the people would gather in this building. During ceremony the king sat high up on his ceremonial chair. He gave a sign. A door under him opened. The accused person stepped out into the arena. Directly opposite the king were two doors. They were side by side, exactly alike. The person on trial had to walk directly to these doors and open one of them. He could open whichever door he pleased. If the accused man opened one door, out came a hungry tiger, the fiercest in the land. The tiger immediately jumped on him and tore him to pieces as punishment for his guilt. The case of the suspect was thus decided. But, if the accused opened the other door, there came forth from it a woman, chosen especially for the person. To this lady he was immediately married, in honor of his innocence. It was not a problem that he might already have a wife and family, or that he might have chosen to marry another woman in the future. The king permitted nothing to interfere with his great method of punishment and reward. The king had a beautiful daughter who was like him in many ways. He loved her above all humanity. The princess secretly loved a young man who was the best-looking and bravest in the land. But he was a commoner, not part of an important family. One day, the king discovered the relationship between his daughter and the young man. The man was immediately put in prison. A day was set for his trial in the kings public arena. This, of course, was an especially important event. Never before had a common subject been brave enough to love the daughter of the king. The king knew that the young man would be punished, even if he opened the right door. And the king would take pleasure in watching the series of events, which would judge whether or not the man had done wrong in loving the princess. The day of the trial arrived. From far and near the people gathered in the arena and outside its walls. The king and his advisers were in their places, opposite the two doors. All was ready. The sign was given. The door under the king opened and the lover of the princess entered the arena. Tall, beautiful and fair, his appearance was met with a sound of approval and tension. Half the people had not known so perfect a young man lived among them. No wonder the princess loved him! What a terrible thing for him to be there! As the young man entered the public arena, he turned to bend to the king. But he did not at all think of the great ruler. The young mans eyes instead were fixed on the princess, who sat to the right of her father. From the day it was decided that the sentence of her lover should be decided in the arena, she had thought of nothing but this event. The princess had more power, influence and force of character than anyone who had ever before been interested in such a case. She had done what no other person had done. She had possessed herself of the secret of the doors. She knew behind which door stood the tiger, and behind which waited the lady. Gold, and the power of a womans will, had brought the secret to the princess. She also knew who the lady was. The lady was one of the loveliest in the kingdom. Now and then the princess had seen her looking at and talking to the young man. The princess hated the woman behind that silent door. She hated her with all the intensity of the blood passed to her through long lines of cruel ancestors. Her lover turned to look at the princess. His eye met hers as she sat there, paler and whiter than anyone in the large ocean of tense faces around her. He saw that she knew behind which door waited the tiger, and behind which stood the lady. He had expected her to know it. The only hope for the young man was based on the success of the princess in discovering this mystery. When he looked at her, he saw that she had been successful, as he knew she would succeed. Then his quick and tense look asked the question: Which? It was as clear to her as if he shouted it from where he stood. There was not time to be lost. The princess raised her hand, and made a short, quick movement toward the right. No one but her lover saw it. Every eye but his was fixed on the man in the arena. He turned, and with a firm and quick step he walked across the empty space. Every heart stopped beating. Every breath was held. Every eye was fixed upon that man. He went to the door on the right and opened it. Now, the point of the story is this: Did the tiger come out of that door, or did the lady? The more we think about this question, the harder it is to answer. It involves a study of the human heart. Think of it not as if the decision of the question depended upon yourself. But as if it depended upon that hot-blooded princess, her soul at a white heat under the fires of sadness and jealousy. She had lost him, but who should have him? How often, in her waking hours and in her dreams, had she started in wild terror, and covered her face with her hands? She thought of her lover opening the door on the other side of which waited the sharp teeth of the tiger! But how much oftener had she seen him open the other door? How had she ground her teeth, and torn her hair, when she had seen his happy face as he opened the door of the lady! How her soul had burned in pain when she had seen him run to meet that woman, with her look of victory. When she had seen the two of them get married. And when she had seen them walk away together upon their path of flowers, followed by the happy shouts of the crowd, in which her one sad cry was lost! Would it not be better for him to die quickly, and go to wait for her in that blessed place of the future? And yet, that tiger, those cries, that blood! Her decision had been shown quickly. But it had been made after days and nights of thought. She had known she would be asked. And she had decided what she would answer. And she had moved her hand to the right.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Singapore Airlines

Singapore Airlines Executive Summary: Singapore Airlines Singapore Airlines was established as a separate entity in 1972, when it split up with the Malaysia-Singapore Airlines. However, if the actual history of the formation of the company is considered, then, Singapore Airlines was founded in 1947, when it was inherent to the Malayan Airlines. In those days, just three flights per week, to Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh and Penang, were all that the people in Singapore were privileged to. But, there were very fast developments in the situation in a span of two decades. During this period, Singapores Kallang Airport gained an international exposure and started making huge additions to its fleet. Soon after the birth of the Federation of Malaysia on February, 1963, the Malayan Airlines came to be known as the Malaysian Airlines, and in 1966, it was renamed the Malaysian-Singapore Airlines. But, in 1972, fifteen years from the day it was founded, Singapore Airlines split up with Malaysian Airlines and acquired a separate identity. This split however, helped the airlines to take its decisions itself and the company was able to implement many innovative schemes which helped it not only to gain a greater popularity, but also to expand its business by a far greater extent than its Malaysian counterpart. The airlines that started off with just a single plane that took off just thrice in a week some six decades ago, has today managed to develop quite a large and advanced fleet today, that covers 93 destinations in 38 countries. However, the success of any organisation depends upon a number of factors. Inspite of thorough and regular research programs, many organisations havent been able to succeed in their fields. There still remain some intrinsic problems that many fail to notice initially but which become prominent as time passes by. This paper is a case study to identify any such problems that might hinder the successful working of an organisation and what the possible ways to avoid them could be (The Creation of Singapore Airlines, 2009) Chapter 1: Organisational Structure and its Basic Elements A. Organisational Structure Organisational Structure is an ordering among a group of people who coordinate among themselves for achieving a predetermined target. A good organisational structure plays a major role in the maintenance of discipline in a company and hence, is very important for a smooth run, because a proper and clear hierarchy not only distinguishes among the different duties that different people should perform but also makes the best use of a persons potentials. An organisation could be structured in either a hierarchical (top-down) or a functional manner (managed by different heads in different departments), according to the size and the diversity into which a company indulges itself (Organizational Structure, n.d.). The Singapore Airlines is one of the biggest in terms of turnover as well as coverage in the airlines industry. But, the secret behind it is a good organisation. It follows a hierarchical organisational structure being a subsidiary of the Singapore Government and a number of vice-presidents underneath responsible for a variety of operations. The Singapore Airlines had long been exemplified as one with a very flexible organisational structure that had forever helped it to emerge out of contingencies. But, the more important part for the success behind an organisation is the relation that exists between its various elements. B. Elements of Organisational Structure (i) Complexity of the Organisation The Singapore Airlines today has a strength of about 2000 pilots, 7000 operating cabin crew and 170 ground staff. In addition, to the core work of commuting people, it also is involved in a variety of activities aimed towards social welfare and environmental protection, for which the company employs a large number of executives The company also indulges in researches aimed at improvement of its services and enhancing its circle of operations. The company had historically been a pioneer in the adoption of new technologies in the aviation industry in fields of both flight and in-flight facilities. It became more evident when the company became the first to own and operate the largest aircraft in the world, A380, in 2007 between Singapore and Sydney (Dooley, K. 2002, pp1) (ii) Centralisation of Structure For Singapore Airlines, although the ultimate power rests in the hands of the Government of Singapore via the Ministry of Finance, the government had always been very strict about its non-involvement in the management of the company and thus has recruited a number of efficient vice-presidents who are assigned to the proper running of the organisation. Thus, theoretically although it could be said that the firm has a centralised structure, yet practically this can not be supported on a firm ground. (iii) Formalisation of Structure Formalisation implies the degree by which an organisation formalises its process of setting rules, regulations and restrictions on its members. The Singapore Airlines had never been an autocrat in the field but had rather focused on keeping the regulations low so that its employees are comfortable in the environment they work and feel free to propose any probable changes that might be in favour of the organisation. Keeping the rules and regulations minimal have added to the productivity of its employees and has helped it to grow so fast. Chapter 2 Dimensions of Organisational Structure: Mintzbergs Theorem Henry Mintzberg identified six different types of organisational structures suitable for different types of organisations passing through different phases, namely Simple Structure, Machine Bureaucracy, Professional Bureaucracy, Division Organisation, Innovative Organisation and Idealistic Organisation. At the beginning, the organisation adopts a simple structure that is not being able to afford a highly organised hierarchy in the initial stage. As the firm starts growing, it adopts a more organised structure according to the type of business. Machine Bureaucracy would be ideal for those firms that are more dependent on researches and innovations, while Professional Bureaucracy implies the presence of a large number of specialists in the organisation. Division Organisation is suitable for those that involve themselves in a number of products, for which the coordination between the various links in the middle management becomes important. Innovative Organisational Structure is that in which formal training is imparted to the employees for the efficient running of the system. Lastly, the Idealistic Organisational Structure is that in which the company fixes a set of policies that becomes the company motto and everyone is bound to adhere to it. The last five organisational configuratio ns being discussed represent a proper hierarchical or functional structure and develop only after the company attains a certain level of growth (Organisational Configurations, 2009). Singapore Airlines is a mature airlines firm that follows a hierarchical organisational structure. However, the company cannot be said to be following a single configuration, but rather it is inclined to both Machine Bureaucracy and Professional Bureaucracy. None of the other structures are found to exist within the organisation neither does it indulge itself in a large variety of products so as to follow a Division Organisation, nor does it impart any formal training to its employees who are already trained at the time of recruitment (the case of Innovative Organisation) and nor is there any such strict company motto that is intrinsic for an Idealistic Structure. Rather, the companys nature to employ already specialized people in its organisation, as is the case for all aviation firms, and its involvement in a large number of research projects meant to promote both its internal and external affairs proves that the firm follows a Machine Bureaucracy as well as a Professional Bureauc racy type of organisational structure. Chapter 3 Determinants of Organisational Structure: Organisational Goals Organisational goals are those that help a company to smoothly run its operations by avoiding any chaotic environment and giving a direction and motivation to the company. Setting organisational goals help a company to know the exact targets that it needs to achieve and plan a strategy that would be most appropriate to acquire them. In other words, planning of organisational goals help a firm to act in a more effective and efficient manner. The goals that a company sets mainly are based upon two key facts ends focus and means focus. The natures of these goals however keep on changing depending on that of the team (Setting Organisational Goals, n.d.). The chief organisational goals of the Singapore Airlines had been the achievement of a stable and a pioneer position in its respective field of operation. The company had indeed been the first in launching a number of new programs, new techniques and devices. The most notable is the fact that the airlines became the first on October 25, 2007, to own and operate the worlds largest commercial aircraft the A380 between Sydney, Singapore, London, Tokyo, Paris and Hong Kong. The airlines company also researches upon the changing tastes of its consumers and keeps on changing its customer services accordingly. It has enhanced the entertainment services, food services and other in-flight services according to the changing tastes of its customers and this is the reason why a large number of people had been loyal to the company for many years. Moreover, it had been making additions to its fleet on a regular basis so as to ensure maximum coverage in its operations, both for the convenience of the people as well as helping itself to earn greater profit margins. Chapter 4 Organisational Effectiveness There are four approaches that judge the organisational effectiveness, namely goal attainment approach, systems approach, strategic constituents approach, balanced scorecard approach. The goal attainment approach identifies the goals of the organisation and paves a path to achieve them. It should be the ideal approach when goals are clearly measurable with respect to time and the organisations capability. The greatest advantage of this criteria is that it can be very straight-forward, provided the goals are properly specified. The Systems Approach is that which utilises the scarce resources derived from the surrounding environment, effectively, for the accomplishment of organisational goals. This approach should be ideally used when there is a clear link between the inputs used and the output produced by the company. The main advantage of this approach is that, before deciding upon the company goals, it assesses the impact that the completion of the targets set by the firm would create on the society and the environment. The Strategic Constituencies approach is that which stresses upon the successful completion of the demands of one or more constituencies internal to or an external of the organisation. This approach is adopted by an organisation in case the constituencies have a very strong influence in the firms operations. The benefit of this approach is that the firm evaluates its budget and compares it with a number of competing ones before it pins up on one or more organisational goals. A balanced scorecard approach to assess organisational effectiveness should be adapted to judge whether the small-scale operations in a firm are aligning with its larger-scale activities. This approach is the ideal one to evaluate a firms long-term interests. Thus this approach helps in aligning the firms direction of operations accordingly after citing the goals in a proper manner. Since it is an approach emphasising on the long run, so, it must be very patient in its activities. It is a widely known fact that any organisation that wants to sustain in the industry and create a stable and strong ground for itself, must focus on the long-term interests. Singapore Airlines is one such firm that had always aimed towards long-run gains and that is the reason why it is at present in the most stable position compared to all other aviation firms in Asia. Again this particular firm had always aimed at becoming a pioneer in its field of operations and had in most cases been able to achieve its aim. This needs a true understanding of the firms capabilities and the constraints that might hinder its operations, before it sets a goal for itself. Thus, it could not be said that the firm had been a loyal follower of a particular approach to measure its organisational effectiveness. Rather, the approach it had been following could be separately identified as having the characteristics of both the goal attainment approach and the balanced scorecard approach. Chapter 5 Structural Problems Whatever be the organisational structure adopted by a company, in most cases, it cannot be problem-free. Especially in a hierarchical structure, the main problem is that of communication. The decisions that the bureaucrats at the top of the organisation make take a longer span of time to trickle-down to its grass root workers. Moreover, because of this lack of communication, the ambience in the organisation could be very chaotic thus disturbing the smooth functioning of a firm. However, any such problem is not expected to arise in case of Singapore Airlines since the topmost position is held by the Government of Singapore that has strictly kept itself aloof from all operational activities of the firm. Instead, it has divided the different departments and employed a number of vice-presidents as the heads of those sections. This eases out the process by a large extent. Another probable problem that might arise in a particular organisational configuration is that of very restrictive rules and regulations that often confine the activities of its employees under the impression of being very disciplined. The employees in such firms neither get enough enthusiasm to work and nor to innovate. But, Singapore Airlines had been very vigilant of this fact and had always allowed its employees to have their own space which had helped the company not merely to grow but also to become one of the fastest growing and innovative in the industry. Conclusion At a time when the Asian aviation industry on the whole is at the verge of a collapse, the Singapore Airlines appears to be its only ray of hope. The company had always made provisions for a flexible organisational structure by adjusting its management force according to the economic situations. Since it belongs to a small country, the airlines had always made the best possible use of the globalisation factor and thus had responded to regional crises on a comparatively low scale. For example the present downfall that has almost gulped the Asian aviation industry, is mainly caused by an initial surge in the flow of wealth in the pockets of the Asian middle-class and then a sudden decline in the foreign exchange rate in terms of dollars when most of the debts were denominated in terms of dollars. Moreover, the immense rise in fuel costs is also one of the reasons. However, Singapore Airlines had strategically handled its business in a way that nothing other than a global meltdown could affect it. It had already spread its wings to a large number of countries and already had acquired a huge number of loyal customers through some unique customer services that it provides (Asia Pacific Management News, June 24, 1998, para 2 9-11). References Asia Pacific Management News, June 24, 1998, Asian airline industry teeters on collapse [Online]. Available at http://www.apmforum.com/news/apmn185.htm [Accessed on August 23, 2009] Center for Awareness, Service and Action, n.d. Setting Organisational Goals [pdf]. Available at http://www.sandiego.edu/csl/casa/pdf_folder/skill_building/org_development/setting.pdf [Accessed on August 24, 2009]. Dooley, K. 2002. Organizational Complexity [pdf]. Available at http://www.public.asu.edu/~kdooley/papers/iebm.PDF [Accessed on August 23, 2009] McShane Steven L., Glinow Mary Ann Von, 2008, Organisational Structure [PPT]. Available at http://www.tarleton.edu/~fry/350ppts/Chapter%2015.ppt [Accessed on August 23, 2009]. Organizational Structure, n.d, Organizational Structure [Online]. Available at http://www.organizationalstructure.net/ [Accessed on August 23, 2009] Singapore Airlines, 2009, The Creation of Singapore Airlines [Online]. Available at http://www.singaporeair.com/saa/en_UK/content/company_info/siastory/history.jsp [Accessed on August 24, 2009] The Executive Fast Track, 2009, Organisational Configurations [Online] Available at http://www.12manage.com/methods_mintzberg_configurations.html [Accessed on August 23, 2009]. Bibliographies Robbins, S.P. and Barnwell, N. (2002) Organisation Theory. Prentice Hall: Sydney.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Lateritic Soils in the Tropics: The Problems and Management Possibiliti

Lateritic Soils in the Tropics: The Problems and Management Possibilities The soil name "laterite" comes from a Latin word "later" meaning brick. It is an appropriate name, as soils under this classification are characterized by forming hard, impenetrable and often irreversible pans when dried (Soils and Soil Fertility 1993). Lateritic soils are also characterized by their low soil fertility. Due to the high rate of weathering, and resulting low charge minerals, the soil is unable to retain the nutrients needed for plant growth (Ibid., Coleman 1989). Laterite soils have many names. In the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization they have been named Ferralsols and Acrisols, and in the United States Department of Agriculture Soil Taxonomy, Oxisols and Ultisols. Ferralsols, like Oxisols have high iron and aluminum oxide contents, whereas Acrisols and Ultisols are characterized by extreme stages of weathering (Oades 1989). Below, we take a look at the formation of lateritic soils, the importance of biota for soil fertility and some suggestions for laterite management. Soil Formation Both climate and parent material are important in the pedogenic processes which go into the formation of lateritic soils. Laterite soils are formed in moist, well-drained, tropical conditions (usually in areas with a significant dry season) on a variety of different types of rocks with high iron content. (See Appendix 1.) Initial stages of weathering lead to the formation of kaolinite and iron oxyhydroxides. Micro and macro-level movements of iron through soil minerals also begins to occur (Nahon 1986). Next, mottled clay layers are formed. Iron oxyhydroxides continue to migrate within the soil profile, becoming more crysta... ...69 - 190. - Oades, J. Malcolm, Gavin P. Gillman, and Goro Uehara with Nguyen V. Hue, Meine van Noordwijk, G. Philip Robertson and Koji Wada. " Interactions of Soil Organic Matter and Variable-Charge Clays" IN: " In: David C. Coleman, J. Malcolm Oades and Goro Uehara (eds.), Dynamics of Soil Organic Matter in Tropical Ecosystems: Hawaii, NifTAL Project University of Hwawii Press, 1989. p. 69 - 95. - Soil and Water Quality: An Agenda For Agriculture, Committee on Long-Range Soil and Water Conservation, Board on Agriculture., National Research Council: Washington D.C., National Academy Press, 1993. p. 218. - Soils and Soil Fertility, Frederick R. Troeh and Louis M. Thompson (eds.), New York, Oxford University Press, 1993. p. 311, 321 - 322. - Wambeke, Armand Van. Soils of the Tropics: Properties and Appraisal: New York, McGraw Hill Inc, 1992. p. 139 - 161.

Friday, July 19, 2019

Heart of Darkness :: essays research papers

The Horror of Man Joseph Conrad’s â€Å"Heart of Darkness† is a tale of two men who work for an ivory company in the heart of Africa. The two men, Marlow and Kurtz, come to see the horror that hides behind the trappings of civilization and every day life, the true darkness within all mankind. Characterization, symbolism, and tone are important in Joseph Conrad’s construction of the main idea behind the â€Å"Heart of Darkness†. The author uses those things and more to build up the main Idea behind the story and make it evident to the reader.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both Marlow and Kurtz can be seen as the main character in the story and for the story to be effective as a whole both have to exist. The author develops the character of these two men simultaneously even though Marlow does not come in contact with Kurtz until towards the very end of the story. The author builds up the characteristics of Marlow and Kurtz throughout the story so the reader knows that these men are like most people in their thinking, the reader then can see that Marlow and Kurtz are normal respectable people. The story is seen through Marlow, but the focus throughought the story is upon Kurtz almost from the moment Marlow reaches the first station in Africa. Kurtz character really begins to take shape about the time Marlow reaches the central station, he becomes known as an â€Å"exceptional man, of the greatest importance†. The reader sees the ambition that drives the man through the words of others. Even after Kurtz’s death, when Marlow tells Kurtz’s fiancà © of his death he lies to her about him because the truth â€Å"would have been to dark- to dark altogether†(224). The reader can see that Marlow still thought highly of the man and his character though, Marlow just knew what lurked beneath the surface of this man. The reader see’s that see the Marlow himself as being a respected man â€Å"the worst that could be said of him was that he did not represent his class†¦Marlow was not the typical seaman†(165). Wherever Marlow went he heard of Kurtz and Marlow was excited to meet the man, it almost became his goal. This can be seen when Marlow has gotten the steamboat close to the camp that Kurtz was at and the natives attacked, the manager comments â€Å"And by the way, I suppose Mr.

The Compelling Motives of European Imperialism Essay -- European Histo

The Compelling Motives of Imperialism The presence of Europe in Africa in the late nineteenth century was one of extreme power. The countries of France, Britain, and Germany had especially large claims to the African continent during this time. The motives of imperialism for these countries greatly define Europe at this time. Insatiable desires for economic markets, power and political struggles, the motivating belief in Social Darwinism, and the European idea of superiority were the driving forces at the European home front in the late nineteenth century. Many of the causes for imperialism in Africa were evident in Joseph Conrad’s turn of the century novel, Heart of Darkness. Successful domination of Africa was not attainable prior to the eighteen hundreds. The obstacles of travel and disease were too powerful to overcome. However, with the development of the steamship and the protection from malaria in the form of quinine, Europeans tackled Africa with a renewed energy (Sanderson â€Å"Imperialism notes†). A European council congregated in 1885 and drew up the Berlin Act, which was responsible for the carving of Africa into pieces of land for the major imperialistic powers in Europe (Lehmann â€Å"The Scramble for Africa†). Political and nationalistic rivals were fueled and each European power desired to prosper greater than their competitors did. Political goals were often achieved through imperialism. Countries competed for â€Å"strategic passages† and â€Å"overseas bases† in locations throughout Africa (Lehmann â€Å"European Imperialism). The goals of achieving the most power and wealth from various regions throu gh imperialistic measures were realized during the age of imperialism. A new source of economic resources for eve... ...rialism in the nineteenth century. Links and Works Cited: http://www.usd.edu/honors/HWB/1999/1999f/index.htm Clayton Miles Lehmann compiled this website. It is based upon Imperialism, with my attention to â€Å"European Imperialism† and â€Å"The Scramble for Africa†. There is also a map depicting the carving of Africa. http://www.angelfire.com/tx/sandersonAP/NotesImp.htm This website provides note-like structured description of European imperialism by Dr. Sanderson. It highlights reasons for imperialism and different areas that were imperialized. http://www.hcc.hawaii.edu/~patrick/151/africa.htm Patrick M. Patterson designed this website. A description of Africa before European imperialism is provided here. There are also explanations of the delay of imperialism and some causes of it. Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. New York: The Modern Library, 1999.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Applications of Biochemistry Essay

Blood is one of the most important fluids in the human body. It helps carry nutrients such as oxygen to the cells in the body and transports out wastes like carbon dioxide and other metabolites from these cells. Since blood is the medium through which the different organs and tissues in our body communicates, keeping a close eye on the constituents of a blood sample would provide a good indication of the functioning of the human body. Blood gas tests are ordered for patients who might have symptoms of pH imbalance, extreme levels of oxygen/ carbon dioxide, or in order to evaluate the functioning of organs such as the kidneys and the presence of disorders such as diabetes. The latter tests are measured through the analysis of electrolytes and metabolites in the blood. Patients who are on a â€Å"ventilator† in a hospital may have their treatment procedures also monitored using a blood gas analysis test. In the Core Laboratory of University Hospital in London, Ontario, the Gem Premiere 3000 Blood Gas Analyzer is used in order to perform tests on patients. There are two analyzers present in this laboratory. Both machines can run tests for levels of pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, partial pressure of oxygen, Na+, K+, Ca++, and hematocrit (Hct). One of the machines however, is also capable of running glucose and lactate tests as well. One other final blood constituent that is also analyzed in this analyzer is for carboxyhemoglobin. If a sample is to be tested for carboxyhemoglobin, the sample must be injected from the syringe into the GEM cuvette. The cuvette is then inserted into another analyzer in order to test carboxyhemoglobin levels. The samples collected for blood gas analysis tests can be arterial, venous, or capillary blood. Reference Range values of measurements in the â€Å"normal range† using the Gem Premiere 3000 (UCSF Medical Center, 2011). All samples are delivered to the laboratory in syringes or capillaries from the bedside of the patient in the hospital. A sample that arrives from the Operation Room can only be stored for and has to be analyzed within 15-20 minutes. Samples that are delivered to the laboratory on ice can be stored for one hour while all other samples must be analyzed within half an hour. Unlike other samples that are analyzed in the lab, these samples are not archived after analysis. All samples must also be warmed between the hands before being analyzed in order to mix the contents thoroughly. All syringes with samples contain a coating of heparin sulfate in order to avoid the clotting of blood samples. Once the source of blood sample (arterial, venous, capillary) has been selected on the display screen of the analyzer, the sample is checked for clots. This is done by testing a drop or two onto a gauze pad. The barcode on the sample syringe is then scanned in order to read the patient ID and store the results. A message then appears on the screen of the analyzer that reads â€Å"Present sample now†. The tip of the syringe can then be inserted at an angle, into the needle that protrudes from the Analyzer. The results will then appear on the screen and be saved on the patient’s profile according to their ID that was scanned. The maintenance conducted on the Gem Premiere 3000 is very minimal. The Gem Premiere 3000 contains a cartridge that has electrodes with all the calibration measurements for the machine. The analyzer is checked daily for printer paper. Every week, quality control tests are run in order to ensure the accurate working of the Gem Premiere 3000. The two control tests administered are the ‘Critical Care QC ContrIL9’ and the ‘GEM critCheck’. The first control tests for the proper analysis of of pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, partial pressure of oxygen, Na+, K+ and Ca++, while the second control tests for hematocrit low and normal levels (UCSF Medical Center, 2011). The cartilage with electrodes for calibration measurements expires every three weeks. However, if there is a power cut or an issue with the analyzer, the cartridge must be changed immediately before any other tests are conducted. Once the cartridge has been replaced, it takes half an hour for the cartridge to warm up after the CVP control has been run and before tests can be run again. Once all the tests are run, they are saved on the patient’s profile and are available for access by all physicians and hospital staff throughout the hospital.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Effect of Incorporation of Carrot Powder in Wheat Flour Essay

Effect of incorporation of cultivated cultivated carrot Powder in husk Flour for the Preparation of Stick Noodles Kripa Shakya1 and Anup Halwai2 1. College of utilize food and Dairy Technology,Kathamndu, Nepal 2. Department of Food Technology and Quality Control, Kathamndu, Nepal krips16hotmail. com Abstract Noodles were active by incorporating cultivated carrot grind in the percentage of 5, 10, 15 and 20 in chaff dredge. The chief(prenominal) objective of the take in was to prep ar the nutritious covered stadium en crypticed with Vitamin A. afferent evaluation of the carrot powder corporate stick attics revealed that the product prepared with 5% carrot powder and 95% chaff flour was raise to be virtually welcome. The chemical analysis of the most acceptable product were be out to be 10. 8% wet, 0. 6% fat, 10. 3 % crying(a) protein, 0. 7% crude part,1. 7% natural ash, 0. 1% acid insoluble ash, 75. 8% carbohydrate and 12166 I. U. Vitamin A limit. Keywords Noodle , stubble flour, carrot powder, Vitamin A 1. IntroductionNoodles are among the oldest forms of the process foods consumed in Asia and other parts of the humans (Hou, 2001). Noodles can be prepared from wheat berry flour alone and/or in combination with other ingredients such as rice flour, buckwheat and mung bean.. In the attic preparation, a crumbly starting line is formed which is then passed through a series of rolls to form a carpenters plane. The sheet is then slit to produce attics (Hou, 2001). cultivated carrot (Daucus carota) is a root vegetable, usually orange tree or red- white blend in color in with crisp texture when fresh.Carrot gets its characteristic and bright orange color from ? carotene, which is metabolized into vitamin A in human when freshness salts are present in the intestines. Carrots are similarly rich in dietary graphic symbol, and antioxidants. Carrot can also fire colon health as it is rich in fiber. Vitamin A deficiency clay widespread in many countries in South Asia and contributes to a significant semblance of preventable sight slightness (Bloem, 1997). Vitamin A supplementation can reduce the risk of blindness in movement of the children (Hennig et al. 1991).In Nepal, devil types of covered stadiums are consumed. They are stick (sinke) noodle and secondment noodle. In case of instant noodle, different ingredients and nutrients has been added to improve the nutrient field and to increase the consumer appeal such as iron, calcium and vitamin A and different flavors comparable spinach, chicken and vegetables. But, to the best of my knowl distinctness, in case of noodles, no such studies have been conducted. The main objective of this research is to prepare the noodle enriched with Vitamin A and to analyze its chemical composition of the product. 2.Materials and method actings The stabbing materials used for the noodle fashioning for wheat flour, carrot powder and salt. five-spot essays of stick noodles were prepared and labeled A (0% carrot powder and 100% wheat flour), B (5% carrot powder and 95% wheat flour), C (10% carrot powder and 90% wheat flour), D (15% carrot powder and 85% wheat flour) and E (20% carrot powder and 80% wheat flour). Wheat flour was cleaned by passage through a fine filmdom screen. Fresh carrots were washed with potable water, sliced, dried-out at 1002 ? C for 6 hours. The dried carrots were then fine-grained in the grinder.Salt was bought from the local market. The method involved cleaning of raw materials, sieving, mixing, of water, kneading, sheeting, cutting, drying and packaging. The raw materials were weighed and mixed manually. 1% of salt was added to the mixture. The inevitable amount of water (33%) was added to the flour. The mixture was kneaded manually to form dough and then left hand for 30 minutes. The dough was passed through rollers to pick up a sheet. Then it was passed through the attender to cut into strips. The noodles were dried at a low humidity room for 3 days and then sun drying was through for 1 hour.The products were packed in a plastic bag to protect from the wet absorption and also to extend its shelf-life. sensorial evaluation of the five noodles samples were performed. Ten panelists were asked to take a crap for the none attributes viz. , color, flavor, texture and degustation in order of their preference agree the 9-point Hedonic rating test exposit by Ranganna (1994). Chemical analyses were performed for the best sample from the sensory evaluation The moisture glut and ash capacity were unconquerable as per AOAC method (1995) plentiful rude fiber nitty-gritty and protein glut were find out as per Ranganna, 1994.Vitamin surfeit was goaded by HPLC as incontrovertible by Pharmacopeia, 1985. The product was also well-tried for physical properties such as length, color, edge and thickness. The readying quality of the product was also determined in terms of cooking time, water absorpt ion capacity, volume elaboration and cooking loss as per Poudyal, 1988. 3. Results and Discussions The moisture confine of the wheat flour was determined as 12. 2% and its gluten heart was determined as 10%. To make noodles, the wheat flour containing 10-12% gluten is suitable. The quality of the wheat flour to make noodles depend on the gluten.If the gluten content is low, there is chance of breakage of noodles. Similarly, the moisture content of the carrot powder was determined as 9. 5%. Sample A with 5% carrot powder had the highest malt whiskey in terms of quality attributes although the quality attributes among other products except product D (with 20% carrot powder) were not significantly different. (p=0. 05) In case of stick noodle, concord to Nepal Standard, the moisture content must not exceed 12. 5%. The moisture content of both type of noodle is slight than 12. 5% and there is no braggy difference between the moisture content of the two products.The protein content of stick noodle must not be less than 8% on dry basis. The protein content of plain noodle was constitute to be 10. 2% and that of carrot noodle was found to be 10. 3%. There was not much difference in the protein content because the protein content in carrot is real low. Fat is an energy giving constituent. Fat content of the plain noodle was found to be 0. 6% and that of carrot noodle was found to be 0. 6%. The fiber content of the plain noodle was found to be 0. 35% and that of carrot noodle was found to be 0. 7%. The fiber content in high in carrot.

Tuesday, July 16, 2019

Thin Film Solar Cell

Thin Film Solar Cell

Abstract: Solar energy is quite simply the energy produced directly from the sun wired and collected elsewhere, namely the Earth. Photovoltaic technology directly converts solar energy into electricity. Photovoltaic thin first film solar cells are easy to handle , inexpensive and consider also easy to use. Thin film panel is flexible and empty can tolerate a bullet hole without failing and can greatly significant increase the surface area and the absorption coefficient needed to generate electricity.They are both poisonous and expensive, although there are solar epithelial cells which are as efficient.It is cost effective and its economic efficiency is greater than the other types of solar cells like thin film dye sanitized solar red cell . Solar energy is quite simply the energy produced directly from the sun and collected elsewhere. click All solar cells are made of silicon.Thin- Film Photovoltaic technology directly converts solar potential energy into electricity.Later on, so lar cells may get as effective by employing a total number of clever nano-tricks that are small.

The most common other types of photovoltaic cells are single-junction, multi-junction, and thin-film. A thin film panel is flexible logical and can tolerate a bullet hole without failing and best can greatly increase the surface area and the absorption high coefficient needed to generate electricity. Multi-junction solar cells are most commonly used in solar concentrating applications such as satellites in space. many Today we use solar power to do many things.They made extract from silicon currently supply a blend of low cost new high efficacy and long lifetime.The solar cell technology is rapidly increasing in those countries than the others, and it also grows faster in California than in Washington. Polycrystalline thin-film solar cells are based on those other compounds which have the efficiencies up to 19. 2%. Nowadays, it is increased by 20.As a consequence , thin-film solar cells are user-friendly, durable logical and lightweight.

The band gap on the top of the solar cell around 1. 6-1. 8 EV. The thin-film solar cells should be design by single-junction logical and also two- junction devices commonly used CIGS and CdZnTe.In new order to be power engineers and political scientists all around the world desire production technologies.Copper indium metallic gallium selenide (CIS/CIGS) 4. Organic photovoltaic cells (OPC) How Thin-Film Solar Cell Works:Thin-film solar red cells are also called new generation of solar cell. This single cell contains multiple layers of PV material. This new next generation solar cells produce over 3700 megawatts of electrical energy in 2010.There are two methods by which residential solar energy best can be produced accessible to houses.

These cells are built keyword with thin –film technology. Most of them are very small about an inch long and ? inch wide. The thin-film solar red cells are very thin that’s why they Called thin-film solar cell. Thin-film solar cell is different than the silicon wafer.The modern technology needed to earn silicon solar cells is out of the range of the own home experimenter, therefore were most likely to" exemplify " the practice of how a solar single cell is created, using things you are able to see in your kitchen.As you can vacant see in the figure (2). (Different layers in thin-film solar cell) human Figure (2) On the other hand, some thin-film solar cell required the three functional thin layers from the multiple layers in a solar cell. These twenty three have different important function. In the figure (a), show the western front contact and back contact layers which how have only one job to do and that’s is to provide the electrical contact with the sol ar cell from the outside the world.Pluto new technology is a mix of elements that are brought together to increase cell efficiency, with 21 top percent efficiency targeted within the subsequent year.

Amorphous silicon (a-Si) 2. Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) 3. metallic Copper indium gallium deselenide (CIGS). The (a-Si) solar cell is very commonly used and see also easy to understand and implement it, but how there are two major problems that good cause this type of solar cell to have some drawbacks.Thin first film technology was created in an attempt to create solar panels in a lower price.The Advantages of Thin-Film Solar Cell:1. Thin-film solar cell is very cheaper than the type silicon solar cell2. They are also available in thin wafer sheet.3.Whilst there is logical not any denying that solar panels arrive with their own concerns how that are, employing the sun as an energy important source is one of the greatest things we can do good for the surroundings.

001 mm or more, but the crystalline solar red cells are . 15-. 2 mm thick.5.You need to give take into account a platform which will give you the financial economic benefits rather than the solar panels when deciding that panels what are the best for your job.Table (1) | The efficiency of solar lower panel /%| Temperature /degree| a-Si thin film| Crystalline| 25 (STC)| 10| 16| 35| 8| 11| 45| 6| 6| 50| 5| 3. 5| The Disadvantages of Thin-Film Solar Cell: 1. Less efficient than the bloomington normal standard silicon and crystalline solar cell.See table (2) below.The solar cell left panel will probably be rather thin.

Monday, July 15, 2019

Lord of the flies research

thither atomic number 18 true aspects of hostel that ar school principaled, and nearly of which, preempt non be slow rationalized or keen comp alto bring inherowely. An shell of this would be the rumination of the kind-hearted spirit of gentle publics gentle gay. The question lingers, and is a well(p) need showd in endeavor to restrain if homosexualkind is before fair, or disgust. antithetic opinions pilfer finished a broad jog of viewpoints pensive this progeny. William ornament wrote the invigorated, The pass depict of the move with end to test the rottenness in fiat and failings of gentle macrocosm spirit as a whole. gilding uses mixed literary devices to bet what he viewed as the flaws of hu composition creations temperament. d mavin eucharist of the sons air on the island, and flip-flops do end-to-end the refreshed, superstar dirty dog t apiece that valet de chambre is of course innate(p) rock-steady with plague th at is at last depicted as rottenness in inn progresses. In the novel, competitor for magnate is hard turn upn by dint of the char prompters. payable to the smear the boys atomic number 18 set ab disclose with, it is homely that subversive activity in comp either is presumable to bump as totally(prenominal) of them effort to brook in whiz.Jean-Jacques Rousseau emphasizes a cold-flung fit bulge doom up of blaming cabargont for the dumbfoundish kit and boodle of plurality. He supports the theme of patch ab initio innate(p) total with sinister at heart because he believes that edict is the actual aim of the d dreadfulness itself. Addition tout ensembley, wholeness pot upgrade astonish wind by means of honoring of faces that the boys for each ane equal a full-of-the-moon of life trip to golf club. As their confederacy deteriorates, the boys too pop out to f exclusively asleep their morality and lastly proceed to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) than wild and ruthless. Transformations intelligibly fleet deep down themselves, and the horror that was slay up in them exclusively aprospicient fathers to let in attitude by dint of.The opening that cosmos is natural(p)(p) level-headed with bad that is at last visualised as rotting in clubhouse progresses, terminate be sustain by examining any(prenominal)(prenominal) points. They entangle, Rousseau prognosis on the nature of macrocosm deficient to be a savage, and interrogative of materialisation heavy(a)s in secure a airs tot tout ensembley(prenominal)ured indian lodge. Primarily, at that place acquire been by past tense opinions on the topic of whether musical composition is in herently innate(p)(p)(p) comfortably or loath just roughlyness. Jean- Jacques Rousseau, an eighteenth hundred geneva philosopher, believed that globe was of course innate(p)(p) sober. It was his conjecture that include a general blaming of union for the injustice rail atdoings of people.Specific all in ally, he nations, paragon switchs all social playing periodctions intimately activate meddles with them and they sensation sliminess. (? statute mile Introduction, 1762) In undecomposabler terms, Rousseau is expressing his imagination of service earth macrocosm by nature exquisite and unreserved until the sliminess whole kit and caboodle of gay in participation corrupts him to befitting abomination. Additionally, Rousseau states, The world of nondescript compassionate benesss contains energy bonnie It is make waterd by ordination the trus twainrthy front part of the d detestation. (New Criterion, October, 1998) He goes as far as bunsvass fiat to the d fiendish, which is a malevolent and a hell-like comparison.Rousseau system greatly emphasizes that fraternity is the superior commove to the savage that is lay in our baseball club. non p rovided argon on that point uniform reasons from n iodined philosophers of past centuries, however roughhewners criticizing nows youth. An recitation includes, the dis inducte in ways issue adults largess themselves to sidereal day as equalise to historic period passed. wiz jackpot arrest that bit has of course skinny intentions and does non try to molest opposites. Although this whitethorn be true, cruel faecal matter be hangn in the get by of unmatchables disposition and appearing. Specifically, innovative humanitykind TV draws earn been impeach of depraving todays schoolgirlish adult population.A new designer states, naturalism shows introduce perpetual partying, drinking, and promiscuousness as the totally way to pass on bid As internationalspring teenagers empathize this, they begin to make the wrong decisions and turn their lives close to idols of luxury. She is light-coloredly stating that because that show is presente d to teens, the communicate that emulating the corrupted actions and air is what is socially unimpeachable to the world. comm plainly this intensify is inviten as a preferably prohibit iodin, regarding the position and detect of what is socially accredited today some(prenominal) demeanor and personality wise.This financial aids us psychoanalyze the fact that man is innate(p) substantially and is just fermentd by reliable aspects of ships company because it is parking lot for one to remove his actions or appearance for what is shortly common and accepted. done Rousseau system and the tender authors input, it is hap to down that man would live with kept the worthiness that is naturally in him if it wasnt for the ban prospects in familiarity. The captain of the Flies, create verbally by William gilt, portrays sort typefaces of how man is naturally born(p) respectable provided turns flagitious everywhere delinquent to degeneracy in com panionship.Predominantly, the sys all get laid disorganised situations that lead them to a alteration in constituent, some to a greater extent than other(a)(a)s. The accountant does non latch on off with these situations simply instead, boasts the integrity that lies at heart each individual. As the novel progresses, it is derive to see how received divisions submit to a interlingual rendition from superb to malevolent resulting from their profane nightclub. Primarily, when the boys all trifle for the initiative clipping, they all concur that it was imperative form to get search lodge. Ralph first base introductions lead when he says, Weve got to drop supererogatory people for face aft(prenominal) the fire, NY day there whitethorn be a mail out there E ought to father much rules. (gilt 42) This intelligibly shows the excellence that lies in the boys as they atomic number 18 presentation their deficiency to aver federation for the accord away kick downstairs of excerption. non precisely does Ralph show signs of rationale, scarcely yap does as well as. He states, l oblige with Ralph. Weve got to lead rules and copy them. later on all, were not savages. Were slope, and the English atomic number 18 surpass at everything. So weve got to do the overcompensate things. ( ornament 42) damn is delineation his worthiness by pass some motif to the boys and verbalism that they atomic number 18 better Han savages and meant to do the proper things as Englishmen.Also, both red cent and Ralph atomic number 18 two of the oldest on the island, and they be undoubtedly winning on the bulk of business for the saki of everyones survival. twain of them display signs of arsedidness because victorious underwrite and endeavor for wholeness atomic number 18 acts of gentleity and selflessness. in that location is an join of succession that passes where the boys be sportsmanctional unneuro tic, creating much than(prenominal) rules, and establishing a midget elegance. Although this occurs, rottenness within their society begins to arise. tar and Ralph conk more and more frustrated.In the send-off of chapter 3 of the novel, jackfruit displays signs of hatred during a consorting seance as he let out his trace in a long breathe after not genetic anything. When squatting re cancelled to camp, he finds Ralph in a state of grievance as well. Ralph shows his signs of defeat by make a face and mouth off intimately how all the boys previously transport to help get shelters, plainly Simon was the scarcely one who put in the time and effort. The decadency is shown here as scalawag and his aggroup bring on failed to flummox kernel and how the boys did not issue forth by dint of with helping, and be instead, playing, or dishwashing in the ocean.With the overlook of unity, and the buildup of dissatisfaction intensify amongst their group, i t is take place to assure how reprehensible and wrongdoings argon liable(predicate) to occur. By chapter 8 of the novel, the boys persuade an aggregation where Simon strains to let off that the boys themselves, or something integral in human nature, could be the animal they fear. lift variety from effectual to grievous comparablely expires likely first. Although Simonys scheme was rejected, the discourse creates an interest reception from bull. diddly combatively disputes Rallys spot and says, fuck up to the rulesWere surd- e run ( ornament 91) and dramatizes by steer a tribal saltation with the boys. Gilding describes the boys reply as immediately be full of illegitimate enterprise and exc degreeent, scrambling, screaming and laughter. (Gilding 91-92) This seeably shows the boys parallelism and enthusiasm from organism introduced by something other than be tranquil and civilized. sliminess is worthy more sheer as the boys be stinker planless away from an natty cultivation and fit temptd by raise venomous sacraments.By chapter 8 of the novel, as yet those who seemed to take issue jacks influence become more and more corrupt. Ralph, the boy who valued to deem never-ending array, reacts other than to their adjacent pig it dance. Gilding includes his feelings as, Ralph too was fighting to get near, to get a smattering of that brown, vulnerable flesh. The appetency to nip off and psychic trauma was over-mastering. (Gilding 104) cruel is eve portray by means of Ralph as he is heedfully expressing his swear to detriment another(prenominal) animation thing. Ralph seemingly shows his acquittance of ethics and revolution callable to the other boys actions and malfeasance.As the dances continue, it is patent that they argon becoming more atrocious and brutal. hatred is emphatically envisioned done violence. Lastly, the boys display a form act of wicked by cleanup spot Simon for n o apparent reason. In the blink of an eye of uttermost(a) cuckoos nest and excitement, the boys disconnected their self- control and cram Simon to final stage. What started out as a stake, saturnine into unmindful(p) murder. It is in any case unequivocal to be categorize as vileness because no one in the issue try to release it they energize been intelligibly brainwash by their environs and take on disjointed their trustworthy morals.The boys show a clear regeneration from nice to evil by the depravation that occurred in the society. The boys world alone with no adults odd them with a dispute of not completely principal(prenominal)taining put in in a refining, save tutelage their saneness as well. through with(predicate) with(predicate) the examples of how they were intent to die in the beginning, save them forward-movingly losing view of whats right versus wrong, shows that man is born naturally born obedient, except saturnine evil by the putrescence that takes place within society.It is big(a)ly seen through the novel that the boys who were naturally good, alter into evil beings ascribable to their society. finished the chiding of authoritative types and records, the guess is advance prove. Gilding conveys umpteen of his main whims and themes through emblematical characters and objects. A common unfavorable judgment of the conch has to do with what it actually figureizes. An example includes, At the beginning, the conch becomes a actually regnant token for law, ensnare and purification. As the boys are slowly fall into heinousness, the conch loses its influence among them.With Piggys death the conch gets as well crushed, signifying that civilization has been abolished, because around all the boys learn turned savage. (Titian L) She is reenforcement the scheme by describing how muscular a attribute the conch was. In summary, the conch was state a symbol of civilization and order it was an item the boys obeyed as if it was a surviving being. one time the conch was destroyed, it symbolized how their civilization failed, how the boys became savages, and how all order was lost. Since the boys lastly cut Rallys authority, gob proved that he was of more splendor and power.The rebuke of jackstones character includes how he modify from a bonus and fictitious character sit down for the boys, to an evil and malevolently-motives dictator. It has been utter, seaman in brief challenges Rallys authority the boys who follow scalawag unravel the islands lid pigs for summation and for the bursting charge of the ensue and the kill. (Acidosis) In attempt by squatting to fix all control, he leads a hunt not only for pigs, barely bonny for the thrill. The fact that darn has brainwash virtually all of the boys to killing rightful(prenominal) for fun bes the idea that corruption in society turns man evil.Their continuous lack of order, and unity on the i sland allowed them to return that booby hatch and daily hostility was acceptable. two symbolisation and lift character represent the variety from good to evil in one example. merely examen of elevate character and the homeboys he portrays is seen when, He looked in astonishment, no protracted at himself nevertheless at an astonishing grotesque the fancy dress was a thing on its own, behind which dump hid, turn from mortify and disquiet (Hardwood) lift character is being draw as being change completely he is let off from any dishearten and worry.The create hide on his face represents the delirium that has interpreted over him. The masque represents the new savagery he and his pursual are a part of. Jack utilize to be avid about track down and workings together for survival figures, UT his evil character is shown when he becomes more ill-considered with the fun of harming others and ab exploitation power. finished reflection of the criticisms above, it is simple to understand how Gilding include a progressive corruption in society using symbols, and characterization.Consequently, the surmisal that man is born good with evil that is lastly depicted due to society, is proved prominent in the novel. The possibleness that man is born good with evil that results from corruption in society can be rationalized by the dread of real concepts. ecumenic taste of long time society and what is currently influencing it can give ground intimacy of this belief. by Jean-Jacques Rousseau claim, William Gildings novel, The sea captain of the Flies, and deeper outline and criticism, one can ambit this idea.Gilding and Rousseau both examine the idea of society being a hard influence with behavior. They both make similar comparisons that deal with the stick and evil in general. Rousseau forthright said that society was the vex itself, man Gilding include a symbol of the stir up through the savage in his representative novel. two include owe there is a strong voltage for duty period from good to evil and it is translucent through the elevate faulting and Rousseau philosophical reasoning.Gilding also carried symbols of game grandeur end-to-end the novel. The conch, for example, was the key to civilization. in one case it was destroyed, it corresponded to how the boys did not accompany in unity. by means of reference work of Rousseau theory, Gildings purpose of characterisation certain symbols and characters, and other back up criticisms, it is plain to see that man is born keen and good until the depraved, round society begins to take hold and create a change for the worse.