Annie’s Advice Quotes Essay Example for Free

Annies Advice Quotes EssayDear Annie,The other day, I got Chinese pack- proscribed and the lady at the till offered me a cookie and told me that the fortunes actually come true. The cookie told me I was gonna be king I immediately knew it was referring to homecoming king at the dance next Saturday, only when the surprising thing was that it seemed equal everyone was already voting for one of my friends, the captain of the football team. He IS the most popular guy in school. But I actually wanna be king too My girlfriend thinks I should embarrass my friend so that he loses some popularity votes, but if people find out(a) it was me, it could really hurt my re tellation. I shamt tell apart what to do-please help -Wannabe KingDear Wannabe,I have two things to say to you. Firstly, I founding fathert believe in fortune cookiesespecially ones that say youll become king, secondly, get a new girlfriend The cookie merely states what might happen, you shouldnt take it too seriously and definitely dont take matters into your own hands. If it is saying the truth then youll become homecoming king and if the Chinese prophecies be wrong, you wont. As someone once said, Theres no use trying to rush fate, because the best things in life are worth the wait. Youll live twain ways so I dont know why your girlfriend is guiding you to the wrong path especially when it would hurt a friend. If you be in possession of the qualities of a king you might eventually become one -AnnieDear Annie,My friend and I recognise playing soccer, he was really enthusiastic and unendingly thought of the better of the team, therefore he was voted captain of our schools soccer team. He was super thrilled, and so was Iat first. As I watched him at get along he began to act differently. He started bossing us around and would get really frustrated when we messed up. As captain he decided he had the authority to put people down, including his friends. I am really worried for him because hes losing his friends and if he keeps going at this rate he might even be kicked off the team. I really want to help him but I dont know how. I have a feeling his hubris is acquire to him. Do you have any suggestions on how I could help? -Worried friendDear Worried,WhoaHUBRIS? I have to admit, I looked that up. But I agree that is a great way to describe your friends situation. Read the quote of the day above. Things like this are bound to happen when you get power. Mr. Captain everywhere there has some overflowing pride in him which is making him act like a jerk. Have a talk with him, tell him how you feel the team is breaking apart and bring forward the consequences he might have to face in case things go out of hand. I am certain(a) he will understand and kudos to you for looking out for him-AnnieDear Annie,The girl I have a crushed leather on forgot to do her homework, so to impress her, I gave her mine. But then I didnt have my own work and the teacher would get really mad at me so I stole Kevins (a classmate). Im really afraid that he will find out and snitch on me. Whenever he walks up to me I get really nervous and function sure nothing gives it away. I really cant get it off my mind. I know I shouldnt have done it in the first place and Im really disappointed that I tried to impress my crush like that, I didnt know the consequences How should I deal with it? I feel like I will never be forgiven. I dont usually do things like this. Should I fess up? Should I skillful deal with the fear? Help me -P.I.M.P. (Pissing In My Pants)Dear P.I.M.P., fanciful name there, is the irony intended? Im guessing youre still young, you dont need to sacrifice something to earn a girls respect. She should like you for who you are. It was your fault and your decision that led to the cost. Make sure you think before you act in life and apologize to your classmate and teacher, they will understand, people make mistakes. Some detention is better than dealing with the guilt and paranoia. Next time think about, if what you gain is worth the consequences. -AnnieDear Annie,I was recently offered a transmission line to be a director at a large multinational company, but I am hesitating to accept it. My fiance thinks it is a really good opportunity and is pushing me towards it. The company already has a director but they requested me to join as I have higher qualifications. judge the offer would get the current director fired. I agree that its a good opportunity but Id hate to do that to someone for my own purposes when I already have a decent job. My fiance keeps threatening our wedding and whether I am capable of supporting her and her emerging children. She has basically dictated that if I do not take the offer she will no longer have respect for me. I really love her and want to see her happy, should I be agreeing with her? -Future Groom?Dear Future Groom,Youre a groom not a broom Talk it out with your fiance and make her understand that your curren t job will keep her and YOUR children secure. If it will really hurt your ethical motive to take the job away from soul then you should tell her this and hopefully if she loves you as much she will see your point. If she doesnt and still threatens your marriage hkgold your stand and dont let her control your actions, be a man-Annie998 wordsRationaleFor this assignment, I chose to do an advice tugboat where people write to Annie about their problems, seeking guidance. The advice seekers circumstances represent those of Macbeth and Annie brings to chance the lessons that can be learnt from them. She gives positive guidance whereas in the play the opposite happens. The reason behind Annie answering the questions in this way is to emphasize on the morals of the play. Annie also has a funny edge to her in a way that displays her persona. I believe she is a cheerful young lady who speaks the truth and uses witticism so that people feel comfortable talking to her.The questions show my understanding of how power corrupts in Macbeth and some of the lenses whereas the answers portray my understanding of the themes. I thought an advice column was a creative way to show the message that people should take out of reading or watching Macbeth. The reason I didnt just use actual Macbeth situations was because I was aiming it at a younger, contemporary audience so that they can understand it thoroughly and also it shows that the similar situations to the ones Shakespeare used in the past can occur in the present.The fact that the situations are realistic also gives reason to why the morals are important because they can be easily applied to daily life to make you a better, wiser person unlike Macbeth. Most advice columns have some sort of heading, mines a quote. The quote at the top of the page explains to the readers the main message of the pieces following and is the topic for that weeks advice. I did this so I could organise my writing better as well as I thought it wa s an imaginative start to the task.

DNA - Modified Food Essay Example for Free

DNA Modified Food EssaySome vegetarians do not cull to tucker out genetically modified vegetables or nutriment products because they contain other genes which they have no idea about. The consumers find these genes unsafe for their health. The people must have the noesis that the addition of these genes into the plants is done only to give them a better food product, but its therefore important to label genetically modified foods because it enables the consumer to make up ones mind and have the right choice of food information that is needed. Genetic modification is the technology by which the genetic makeup of the living organism such as plants and animals bacteria is changed. Thus the resultant organism is called genetically modified, genetic engineered or transgenic. Source citation (http//www. ext. colostate. edu/pubs/foodnut/09371. html).First of all Consumers have a right to know whats in their food, especially concerning products for which health and environmental c oncerns have been raised, this I think is one of the most important reason why individuals impart prefer the labeling of genetically modified food, and also to know the condition of the environment of which the product was made from weather is a place with good sanitation or not. needed labeling will allow consumers to identify and steer clear of food products that cause them problems because some people who with medical problems or allergic to some product will have to know before using them in order not to get themselves in trouble or contracting any form of diseases Surveys guide that a majority of Americans support mandatory labeling. (However, such surveys often do not specify the effect on food prices.)Least 21 countries and the European Union have established some form of mandatory labeling source citation (Gruere and Rao, 2007 Phillips and McNeill, 2000) For religious or ethical reasons, many Americans want to avoid consume animal products, including animal DNA. For examp le some religious beliefs enact laws for people to avoid eating some certain products due to this labeling of genetically modified food will help consumers know the right choice of product to consume example are the jewish and the buddist.

Generalists Social Work and Rape Survivors

generalists accessible massage and Rape SurvivorsIntroductionGeneralist societal operate on practice is integrity of the conceptual frame melt developed to guide affectionate role players on social delivery. This approach was developed following the Milford conferences in 1990s. By definition, generalist social work entails a way of conceive practice. It focus on the association between system, on a client-centered and use of enamor theories and approaches meant to improve peoples well being (Council on Social Work facts of life 2008). It is always expected that the social work should entail multi slopeted approach and that any social worker employing generalist perspective mustiness be ready to engage in direct and indirect intervention based on multilevel assessment (Council on Social Work education 2008). The generalist social work is as well expected to be client-centered and problem-focused in process of helping the client advance social functioning. It should be b ased on research.As it shall turn tabu, generalist social worker must be able to skillfully select and apply multifaceted intervention modes and should carry out multilevel assessments and intervene at one or more levels depending on client situation. A generalist social worker should be well-versed with the individual, group, family, community and institutional intervention methods. Generalists social worker should be competent in different treatment skills (Council on Social Work teaching 2008). He or she should be able to intervene with complex activities than only referral and should engage in the full spectrum of direct services. He should be even competent in policy and broadcast development, organizational and community development. The generalists social worker should work based on certainty based research rather than traditional chores, which comprises only of referralGeneralists social work should help different groups in the orderliness experiencing social problems o r needs. Rape victims argon example of individuals who need the assistance of the generalist social worker. Victims of violent crimes ar well-nigh vulnerable to some conditions and should be assisted correspondly (Council on Social Work Education 2008). Social workers ar expected to identify these victims and issuance necessary and appropriate measures to assist them recover from trauma. Before exploring the generalists social work practice with victims if violent crime, this paper will first elaborate who the victims of violent crimes and why they deserve special attention from generalist social worker.Rapeis a form of forced sexual intercourse whereby the resistance of the female is prevented by threats of great and neighboring(a) bodily harm such as use of knife or gun. It is very common crime. The choice of this group of victims is prompted by the fact that plunder is one of the most serious assault and is characterized by stigmatization (Council on Social Work Education 2008). In fact the victims of offend may decide non to seek any medical assistance because of the stigma. In addition, enthrall is not only associated with physical injuries but also with the psychological torture and trauma. Fortunately, itch victims may seek help from multiple formal social systems, which include the legal, medical, and mental health system including the rapine crisis centers (Council on Social Work Education 2008). This nub that the victims of coddle deserve special assistance from social workers.Rape also takes place mainly when in that location is political instabilities. For example, Ghitis (2010) reveals that in any battle ground, rape must take place. He adds that possibly millions of women who have suffered rape during wars argon now telling their stories and taking action with the help of legal specialists and womens rights groups. History also justifies that sexual assault inevitably accompanies armed conflict and war. In fact some researchers has used rape to mean a weapon of war and as a phenomenon with authoritative tactical and strategic dimensions (Council on Social Work Education 2008). For example, rape during Bosnian War was used to change the ethnic personify of the conquered territory. Similarly, rape during Rwandan genocide was strategically done to clear Tutsi population. In Rwanda, for example, the number of rape victims is estimated to be more or less 500,000.The incidence and frequency of rape is also historicly high. The schooling by the Federal Bureau of Investigation reveals that a rape case occurs in every ten minutes but is underreported. The analysis also shows that 1 in every 15 women will be raped sometime during her life if the occurrent trend continues. It is also important to note that most of the attention is focused on the rapists. Most policies ar designed to punish the rapists. Little has been done to help the rape victims. Rape being a social factor, generalist social worker is conside red the most appropriate person to assist the rape victims. The next section of the paper presents the intervention that the generalist social work profession cease make to address or intervene in the problem of rape. The analysis would be based on the framework proposed by the Council on Social Work Education, which places emphasis on the use of evidence to inform practice and practice to inform research (Council on Social Work Education 2008). According to the CSWE, the generalists social work should take the role of a broker, an advocate, a mediator, educator, social actionist and also as a clinician (Council on Social Work Education 2008).Evidence based practice of generalists social worker in helping rape victimsAs indicated, the general social work practice should no lasting entail the traditional roles such as referral. Firstly, the generalists should diagnose and identify the needs of the rape subsisters or victims that should be addressed. There are many problems that th e rape victims could proclivity to be solved. The first need is that most rape victims may encounter rape ordeal when they were not expecting. This means that the need to be informed rough what to do and where to seek medical, mental health and social and legal services (Schatz, Jenkins, Sheafor, 1990). The atomic number 16 need is that after medical treatment, the rape victim needs to go through professional counselling for emotional trauma and its consequent social disruption. They also need legal assistances in aspects such as information about rights, advocacy and representation in the criminal justice system. Rape is also associated with consequences such as unwanted pregnancy and also HIV and other venereal diseases. They need thorough intervention on these matters (Schatz, Jenkins, Sheafor, 1990). Based on these needs, it is apparent that rape victims needs a comprehensive range of services from different field such as law, mental health, and social life. The only chall enge is that most of the rape victims are in a rural area of extreme emotional crisis. They are not prepared to go through all these fields and may even have little knowledge on what to do altogether.Generalist social worker act as a coordinator and refereeGeneralist social worker is considered an integral agency who should take the responsibility for developing the computer program and for organizing and organise additional support services. Social worker should be the one to guide the victim of rape on where to seek primary care and where to seek the secondary coil care. It is indisputable that many services may be available in the community already. However, accessing these services may be the major obstacle. Generalist social worker, according to Council on Social Work Education (2008), should be the one addressing the obstacles barring the rape victim from accessing the appropriate services. The generalist social worker should act as a coordinator and should bridge differen t facilities with an aim of improving management of rape victims. For example, the hospitals may be ready to manage patients and families in crisis but may face financial limitation as an obstacle and hence may not be able to sypport all the services necessary for a comprehensive rape-treatment program (Schatz, Jenkins, Sheafor, 1990). However, with the intervention or help of generalist social work, the victims can get assistance from the financial programs and facilities that are meant to aid the patient in accessing necessary treatment. Generalist social work is therefore acting as a coordinator who should coordinate different programs together and also as a referral agent who should refer the victims to the applicable services.Generalist social work as a counselorCouncil on Social Work Education (2008) considers counselling as an integral part evidence based practice in the management of rape victims or rape survivors. The senses that such victim go following disclosure of th eir problems is always unbearable. It has been shown that most of them change different forms of victimization. They also receive insensitive treatment, survivor blame and most of them are not offered adequate social services. All these can worsen their state of health. In fact it has been shown that most of them undergo what is called second rape or second sexual assault based on the nature of victimization they experience (Schatz, Jenkins, Sheafor, 1990). For example, it has been shown that survivors experience with medical and criminal justice agencies closely mimic the nature and /or dynamics of actual rape experiences and can be even more re-traumatizing Collings, 2009). The generalist social work is meant to counsel the rape victims on the best way of containing the situation.The generalist social work should offer appropriate counselling to the rape survivors and make them understand the situation and also value the importance of social services. There generalist social wor k should be a source of fancy to the rape survivors because they usually receive a lot of resistance not only from society but even from their mothers, in case the rape survivor is a child (Schatz, Jenkins, Sheafor, 1990). They should help the rape survivors recover from the otherwise second rape by counselling them that their future is still bright and assuring them that there exists many social services apart from the medical services that can be utilized (Schatz, Jenkins, Sheafor, 1990). During counselling process, the counsellor should provide the victim of rape with current data regarding the value and responsiveness of the support services. They should also help in educational process. They can, for example give seminars on the emotional trauma of rape. It is always important for social worker to be knowledgeable about the criminal justice system.Generalist social worker as a clinician in helping rape survivorsAs stated earlier, generalists social worker should have clinica l competence. Rape victims or survivors normally require medical assistance. Despite the fact that there are hospitals, those working in the hospital may not have enough expertise to handle the rape victims. Many researchers have proved that healthcare providers are not trained on how to handle the case of rape victims (Schatz, Jenkins, Sheafor, 1990). For example, instead of sympathizing and emphasizing with them, the healthcare practitioners may victimize the rape survivors. This is evidenced by the study by Collings (2009), which indicate that most of rape survivors undergo different forms of victimization in the hospitals. They also receive insensitive treatment, survivor blame and most of them are not offered adequate social services.All these can worsen their state of health. In fact it has been shown that most of them undergo what is called second rape or second sexual assault based on the nature of victimization they experience. For example, it has been shown that survivors experience with with medical and criminal justice agencies closely mimic the nature and /or dynamics of actual rape experiences and can be even more re-traumatizing. This means that generalists social worker could be the best clinician to address the medical needs of the rape survivors because generalist social worker is not only trained in clinical competence but also in how to handle the victim of rape without imposing any form of victimization or secondary rape. Generalist social work should therefore diagnose the physical injuries sustained by rape victim or survivor and administer appropriate intervention. The generalist social worker should also test whether the victim contracted the venereal and STI and administer the appropriate intervention.Generalist social worker as a broker in helping rape victimsIt is indisputable that the rape victims are in need of many resources and services. However, most of them may not have information as to where to obtain such resources and ser vices. It is therefore the role of the generalist social worker to act as a bridge and to let the rape survivors access the required services and resources. As a broker, generalists social worker should not have personal vested interests. When broking, they should be guided by a number elements. Firstly, they should recognize the victim as an individual with fear and preferences which should be solved at the end of plan or brokerage process. They should also turn the brokerage plan into reality and should take into consideration the risks and turn a profits of the brokerage process.Generalists social worker as a mediator in helping rape victimsAs stated earlier, rape victims undergo different forms of victimization. They also receive insensitive treatment, survivor blame and most of them are not offered adequate social services. It is also shown that survivors experience with medical and criminal justice agencies closely mimic the nature and /or dynamics of actual rape experiences and can be even more re-traumatizing (Schatz, Jenkins, Sheafor, 1990). Because of this, most of the rape cases are underreported despite the fact that they occur in every ten minutes.The stigma and the traumatizing experiences that the rape victims go through prevent them from even seeking medical assistance. Generalists social worker is therefore expected to mediate the process and help make decisions that are meant to benefit the rape survivor. In fact in court cases, the generalist social worker should be the one representing the client.Ethical considerationsIt should be noted that the generalists social worker should work towards benefiting all the affected groups. He or she should promote social justice by ensuring that all members of society access the societal resources that a society offers (Schatz, Jenkins, Sheafor, 1990). They should help the most vulnerable groups in the society. Despite the fact that they may act as brokers, they should not use this role to benefit the mselves. They should expand institutional resources such as adequate education, political participation and should strive to promote fairness and respect. They should not cause further trauma to the rape victims (Schatz, Jenkins, Sheafor, 1990).It is also important to note that most professionals may defy their professionalism and perceive the rape victim as the cause of problem and hence the professional and personal values conflict. In such case, the generalist social worker should try to maintain his or her professional values. ReferencesGhitis, F. (2010). Pushing Back Against Rape as a Weapon of War. orbit Politics Review (Selective Content), 1.Collings, S. J. (2009). Where the streets have no names factors associated with the provision of counselling and social work services for child rape survivors in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. journal of Child Adolescent Mental Health, 21(2), 139-146.Schatz, M. S., Jenkins, L. E., Sheafor, B. W. (1990). Milford Redefined A Model of Init ial and Advanced Generalist Social Work. Journal of Social Work Education, 26(3), 217-231.Council on Social Work Education. (2008). Education policy and accreditation standards. Retrieved from http//www.cswe.org/Accreditation/2008EPASDescription.aspx

Alcohol Problems And Law In The Uk Criminology Essay

Alcohol Problems And Law In The Uk Criminology EssayAlcohol has been associated with numerous health and social problems for centuries that it is only in recent days that the extent of such problems has been quantified. According to World Health Organisation it is estimated that intoxi screwingt is the fourth booster cable risk factor for death and disability globally, almost at par with tobacco. The UK has adept of the biggest inebriant problems in Europe. New and significant changes in swallow patterns have developed in Britain over the last twenty eld, leading to growing concerns that we argon placing our health and well being at greater risk of harm from inebriant. The creation of a culture of insobriety to get drunkard or orgy tipsinessable is seen as the most significant causal factor of alcohol dependency and alcohol fuelled offensive activitys5. Crime commit by drunken exclusives is an ongoing serious problem for non only the police, but for the public and victims who have to deal with the sometimes terrible consequences of offenders who commit iniquitys whilst under the influence of alcohol. For a number of years it has been a well known belief that alcohol is a major trigger in a potful of horrors that have been committed in England and Wales. Nevertheless it cannot be said that all(prenominal) person who drinks alcohol in an irresponsible manner will go on to commit a criminal offence as latest figures have proven that alcohol related annoyance is committed by a small minority of those populate who consume alcohol irresponsibly6.The link in the midst of alcohol and crime has been greatly docu workforceted over the years7. Many believe that the potential consequences of insobriety such as heightened levels of aggression, and impaired cognitive functioning, may be risk factors in experiences of crime and illness, whether in relation to being a victim or a perpetrator8. Alcohol dependant the great unwashed argon over repr esented in prison populations all over England and Wales compared with the general population9. in that location are alike a growing proportion of alcohol dependant offenders who have committed crime whilst under the influence of alcohol, which in turn leads to numerous fibs that alcohol clearly bets to be a strong causative factor in a huge number of crimes committed against the person10.The Criminal referee System in England and Wales is very much burdened with alcohol related crime. It is estimated that these crimes cost the UK between 8 and 13 billion pound per year11. The be includeCost to the Criminal Justice System 1.8 billioncost to services as consequence of alcohol related crime 3.5 billionCosts to services in anticipation of alcohol related crime 1.5 billionHuman costs of alcohol related crime 4.7 billion12.The Licensing bend 2003 which came into pass at the end of November 2005 abolished set licensing hours in England and Wales13. The overall suffer of the Lice nsing Act 2003 was to liberalise a rigid system whilst reducing the problems of drinking and inconvenience oneself associated with a standard closing time14. It was also hoped that the Licensing Act 2003 coupled with other authorities initiatives would support to bring ab out a more than(prenominal) benign drinking culture15.The Licensing Act 2003 has been the subject of much controversy16. Although its aim was specifically to address problems associated with late night drinking, in the run up to implementation it was presented by some of the media drunkards charter, whereby alcohol would be on sale 24 hours a day17. The major concern by the public and the police was that it would have a major effect on crime and disorder18. The Licensing Act 2003 passed on more responsibilities to the local authorities, also replacing the statutory licensing hours with opening hours set topically with the conditions of individual licenses19. The new licensing authorities were expected to gran t the licenses requested by licensees unless it was proven that the Acts four objectives were not being promoted20. The four objectives areThe taproom of crime and disorderPublic safetyThe pr up to nowtion of public nuisanceThe protection of children from harm21.It became obvious and understandable that most of the general public were not in favour of the new licensing hour, and were fearful of the impact it would have not just on themselves, but on their communities and towns. During the introductory year after the Act22came into force, they seemed to be hardly any change in alcohol related offences, Murder, manslaughter, and serious wounding had fallen by 5 percent over the even out and night time periods in the twelve months after the Licensing Act 2003 came into force23. up to now on that point was an increase in the small numbers of these crimes happening between 3am and 6am24. The category of offences which included less serious offences of wounding and assaults with no i njury rose from November 2004 until November 200525. Offences of harassment showed a steady increase from November 2004 until November 2005 and then plateaued26. Criminal disablement offences fell by 1 percent in the year after the change27. stock-still whilst there was larger falls in the number of offences during the daytime, there was a 2 percent increase during the evening and night time periods which marrowed to a 14 percent increase28.However there was other report by The Home Office compared the data from 30 different police forces between November 2005 to December 2006 to see again how the Licensing Act 2003 had affected crime and disorder29. The results wereA 1% rise in the overall number of violent crimes, disorder and criminal damage incidents occurring between 6pm and 6amA 22% rise between 3am and 6am in the 3 month period after the law had changedA 25% increase in serious violent crimes committed between 3am and 6am30. there were many qualitative interviews conducte d by Home Office researchers of licensing authority staff and those from responsible authorities were fairly consistent most respondents described problems of crime and disorder associated with the night time economy as stable or declining31. However most reported that this was nothing to do with the changes brought about by the Licensing Act 200332. Unless every police station completed a report on the exact alcohol related crime figures since the Licensing Act 2003 came into force then the impact form vague.Since the Act33came into force, the pressure of many police officers has increased, mainly because people are getting drunk at all different times of the day and night, whence the police are dealing with drunk people and alcohol related crimes for longer periods of time, delinquent to exclude and clubs being open for longer hours. The Licensing Act 2003 was mean to make it easier for responsible authorities and local residents to call for the local authority to review a li cence34. Between April 2006 and March 2007 ninety two licences were revoked35. In 2007 the government introduced some strategies and guidance safe, sensible and social, for table service in endeavouring to reduce alcohol related crime36. The strategy endeavoured to deliver three grievous pointsTo ensure that the laws and licensing powers in the UK help to protect young people and bear down on irresponsibly run premises, and are being used wide and effectively (Enforcement)To promote an environment which encourages sensible drinking through investment in better information and communications (Education and Prevention)To ensure that there is a greater focus on the minority of drinkers who cause or experience most harm to themselves, their communities and their families (Treatment and Aftercare)37.Although other legislation has been introduced to help assist the police in their aim to reduce alcohol related crime, for example penalty notices for disorder, drinking banning orders, di rections to leave and licensed premises closure orders, it is more resources that are needed to help reduce alcohol fuelled crime38. Although the police have had increased powers to deal with drunken offenders, they still cannot seem to decrease the amount of alcohol related crime39. In 2006 the Violent Crime Reduction Act was introduced, which introduced new measures to ensure that police and local communities have the powers they need to take over violent crimes including alcohol related crime40. However this did not seem to have a positive effect on crime reduction either.Many offenders of alcohol related crime do not seem to be habitual offenders many will have only one encounter with the criminal justice system41. However some offenders are arrested repeatedly for alcohol related offences. Mechanisms for identifying why they reoffend and referring them for help are haphazard, meaning that they continue offending to their own detriment and that of society, whilst also taking u p criminal justice resources42. With pubs and interdict open for longer hours during the day and night then this cannot be helpful in any way to help reduce the crime rate fuelled by alcohol. Many have argued that the alcohol industry has a vital role in fortune to prevent and tackle the harms caused by alcohol misuse43. However many would also agree with the fact that the alcohol industry do not do enough to try and help reduce alcohol related crime. Many different organisations can be classed as being responsible for reducing crime, including the offender himself and his family, notwithstanding the alcohol industry are in control of how they advertise their alcohol, how it is packaged and how it is promoted. The alcohol industry should be working hard to help and if this means going beyond their statutory responsibilities then so be it. Since 2006 the challenge 21 scheme has been fairly successful in raising awareness among publicans and their staff of the need to be vigilant i n preventing underage gross sales44. Pubs are now turning away over one million underage customers each month who, when challenged were unable to provide acceptable proof of their age, this clearly indicates that the trade is making a bigger effort to enforce the law and prevent under age sales of alcohol45. Challenge 25 gives more staff a wider margin of protection, as if the customer looks under 25 then the staff can select for proof that they are over 18. In 2009 Britains drink industry announced a one million social marketing campaign aimed at encourage more responsible drinking amongst young adults and shifting attitudes towards drunkenness46. Supermarkets are also a contributing factor towards alcohol related crime due to their ability to contend alcohol at hugely reduced costs. Bars and clubs have to sell alcohol at a certain legal injury, however supermarkets can afford to lower the price of alcohol, and nearly every supermarket has numerous offers on their alcohol, fo r example, 3 bottles of wine for 10 and numerous cans of lager for a low price. so many people are drinking more at home, and many people are also drinking more before going out due to the low prices in supermarkets.Statistics in 2010 show that7,800 premises have 24 hour licenses, of which4,400 are hotel bars1,700 are supermarkets or shops1,000 are pubs, bars and nightclubs800 are other premises47.The above statistics have been a concern for the police and the general public. Previous to the Licensing Act 2003 most of the above establishments shut at 11pm, this in fact meant that there was a rise in assaults and antisocial behaviour because people were fighting and arguing as they were leaving the bars and clubs48. However with 24 hour licenses in place, brawls and fighting are not just happening at 11pm, they are happening at all hours of the day and night. therefore alcohol consumption seems to have risen since the introduction of the Licensing Act 2003.The government claimed th at the Licensing Act 2003 would help to reduce binge drinking as well as alcohol related crime. This seemed quite an absurd and un likely claim, due to the face that for people that want to binge drink, bars and clubs will be open longer. With bars and clubs staying open for longer periods of time, then people are no less likely to binge drink than before the Licensing Act 2003 came into force. An array of modern alcohol products and marketing strategies are especially designed to encourage and exploit the binge drinking culture49. A large segment of the pub sector appears to head for the hills on the basis of pack them in, get them drunk, and chuck them out50. Speed drinking bars have also become very popular with binge drinkers, with a lot of bars now charging only 15.00 for unlimited alcohol all night51. However in 2009 there were strict conditions included in a new mandatory code on alcohol sales launched for consultation by Home Secretary at the time Jacqui Smith52. whence th ese drink all you want promotions were banned. More and more young people are being targeted to drink alcohol every year. Alcohol industries have even admitted that they have to now compete with any other psychoactive products, hence the developments such asInventing a new range of designer drinks to appeal specifically to young peopleIncreasing the strength of alcohol products targeted at the youngMarketing alcohol to young people on the basis of its psychoactive properties and hedonic appeal53.There seems to be nothing whatsoever in the above to justify regarding the abolition of fixed closing times as a aboriginal mechanism for reducing binge drinking54. Longer drinking hours has in fact given the binge drinking pattern of consumption more circumstance and encouragement55. However the government have been known to disagree with the above statement. The government have claimed that since the Licensing Act 2003 came into force, binge drinking has reduced considerably. The govern ments claims are on the whole unqualified56. There is no evidence to prove their claim, and is ironic for the government to claim such things with no evidence, especially as they state that one of the elementary requirements for of the national harm reduction strategy is that it will be evidence based57. Recent panoramas of young adults aged between 18 and 24 reason out that a big percentage of them had committed a crime in the twelve months previous due to having been binge drinking at the time of the offence. The survey also found that young adults who got very drunk at least once a week were almost seven times as likely to admit to criminal damage, five times as likely to admit to fighting, and four times as likely to become involved in an demarcation than those who got drunk less than once a month58.Prevention of alcohol related crime over the past decade has been somewhat confusing and lead as to the actual help and effect on the overall decrease in the problem that it ha s. People drink alcohol for many different reasons clinical professionals have often been in disagreement with each other of how to tackle alcohol related crimes. For many individuals there are underlying problems that lead psyche to alcohol, and that leads someone to be alcohol dependant. The government seem to be very quick at placing the blame on others apart from themselves. Since the Licensing Act 2003 the NHS has seen a lot more admissions of patients with serious problems from drinking too much alcohol whether it is from assaults or from liver disease and other physical illnesses from alcohol. The government have done utterly nothing over the past few years to make alcohol drinks less affordable. Alcohol is more widely available and cheaper than it has been since the 1970s59. The purchase of dry drinks by UK households has risen ten percent in a year. In the last decade there has been a fifty percent increase of people drinking at home this is an awful lot of drinking for children to be witnessing60. Alcohol is now even stronger than it used to be. Surely one would ascertain that if the price of alcohol rose then this would help in decreasing alcohol related offences. Alcohol companies could actually do extra in helping the government to control and decrease the problems when dealing with alcohol and its ever growing increase in younger people seeing alcohol as escapism but not realising the risks and consequences that alcohol can have on their body, mind and life. The alcohol firms did come to some kind of agreement with the government a few years ago in which they said that by the end of 2008 they would label the majority of alcohol drinks with information about the number of units contained in the drink, the recommended sensible drinking guidelines for men and women, and the website address for the drinkaware trust61. However very few companies complied with this, and just 50 percent of all drinks actually carry any warnings62. However it has to b e recognized that more and more adverts are appearing on our television screens each year regarding the dangers of drinking too much alcohol. Nearly every advert that advertisers alcohol has a warning and the name of the drinkaware website on the screen this is a good improvement over the last few years.Preventing alcohol related crime is also an ongoing problem for the police. Whilst alcohol related health and social problems amongst youths are increasing internationally, both consumption and associated harms are peculiarly high in British youths63. Alcohol related crime is also taking the police away from dealing with more serious crimes. The British youths of today are consuming alcohol more frequently than any other generation. Binge drinking and peer group pressure are amongst the main concerns for schoolchildren. Most youths and unfortunately children are drinking in public places, for example, street corners and parks, outside youth clubs and even in their own homes. With h abits and pressures like these there is a high rise in the amount of acute violence and long term alcohol dependence64. In a statement do by a chief inspector of a police station in London, it was stated that the police concern is that there are already too many people leaving licensed premises, particularly after 1.00am, and any more will place a burden on the area and add to the existing crime and disorder65. Since this statement was made it appears that problems of drunkenness, crime and disorder have increased in the West end of London as hours of trading have been extended66. An analysis of the criminal offences in relation to licensed premises in West End Central found that in 2000 the peak time for violent offences was 1.00am, and the report concluded that the crime in and around the direct vicinity of licensed premises is occurring at later hours due to the extended licensing hours67.The evaluation of the Home Office report clearly indicates that the impact of the Act in it s first year of operation brought fewer problems than were feared by pessimists, and fewer benefits than expected by optimists68. There are three explanations for the findings one is that the new licensing regime has not significantly changed patterns of drinking the second is that there have been significant changes to drinking patterns, but that these changes have not led to more crime and disorder the third is that extraneous factors have had a bigger impact than the changes to licensing hours69.The UK has witnessed significant alcohol cultural changes over the last decade. Young women are especially drinking more, and binge drinking seems to be a popular pastime for the youngsters of today. It is a major fear when teenagers are beginning their drinking careers at increasingly younger ages. Ten years ago it was the age range of 15 to 16 year olds that were drinking alcohol frequently, now figures have shown that children as young as 9 and 10 are being introduced to alcohol, and a re also drinking twice the amount that younger people drank ten years ago. Alcohol fuelled domestic violence seems to have been overlooked by the crime statistics in every year since the Licensing Act 2003 came into force because when domestic violence through alcohol is reported, it is not classed as a alcohol related crime70. Alcohol is one of the main factors that contribute to domestic violence. It is extremely obvious that more needs to be done to achieve a vast reduction in alcohol related crime. The government have set out dissimilar conditions and legislation but it seems that the alcohol industry and supermarkets are not one hundred percent in favour of making our streets much safer by helping to reduce alcohol fuelled crime. Therefore if we as a country are sincere in wanting to reduce alcohol related crimes then perhaps a more tactical effect would be best achieved by starting with the businesses that are accountable for supplying alcohol to the public. Many bars and ni ghtclubs sell soft drinks, water and non alcoholic beverages however it is normally the case that soft drinks are more expensive than the alcoholic drinks. People who commit crimes whilst drunk are more often than not in need of help or counselling for their excessive drinking. This kind of help is never easy to achieve, and with most perpetrators of crime leaving the police station with just a warning then is it any wonder that they are most likely going to commit another crime once they have had some more alcohol. Harsher penalties should be given. In recent years numerous young adults have been interviewed about what their view is on how alcohol related crime can be decreased. The majority of the individuals stated that more should be done to try and moderate consumption of alcohol however nobody can force someone to stop drinking. Many suggestions centred on licensed premises and what could be done within them to discourage excessive drinking and promote more moderate drinking71 . Bar staff should perhaps be trained more effectively so that they know when someone has had enough alcohol therefore discouraging the person to not drink anymore. With more and more premises every year opening for longer hours it seems that people are being tempted to drink more. Non-alcoholic drinks should certainly cost less than alcoholic drinks. It seems that every year bars and clubs are offering new promotions to encourage people to drink more, alcoholic drinks such as shots are the new craze at the moment, and are normally fairly cheap to buy if not free with your first drink.. With information such as this then there is nothing to suggest that the Licensing Act 2003 has had any positive impact on helping to reduce the crimes that are committed whilst people are under the influence of alcohol. Prevention is paramount therefore educating children in secondary schools of the dangers of consuming alcohol should be of major greatness72. Many schools educate youngsters about th e dangers of taking drugs, so why doesnt educating children of the risks caused by drinking alcohol taking place in our schools73. Alcohol did not seem to be a major problem regarding crime over ten years ago. The odd fight or criminal damage was sometimes fuelled by alcohol but there was not as near the problems our country has today. Many people are still of the opinion that the Licensing Act 2003 was completely non affectional and that the government really need to readdress certain issues regarding the alcohol industry, so that maybe our drinks culture would not be so appealing74. Not every individual who consumes alcohol can be convinced to drink less, however if tougher sentences were given for the perpetrators of alcohol related crime then maybe this would make the offender count on twice before having that next drink.total words 3968

Designing a 1MW Solar Power Plant

Designing a 1MW Solar Power PlantIntroductionCE 1.1 Turn the air con on, its 45 degrees Celsius already, said my mum. The weariness of smother heat with the tops of dry 45 degrees Celsius radiated in her tone. But there was no electrical null for the past 9 hours. Wretched in the state of disbelief, I realized the painful dilemma of Electricity load shedding was worsening day by day. Thats when I thought to channelize my engineering skills to overcome this issue. And it was stick out then in 7th Semester of my Bachelors of Mechanical Engineering (University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore) in 2012, I planned to apply the scorching heat to say electricity and invention an alternative for the conventional method. I later pitched this idea to my professors who took me under their wings and mentored me to design and present it as a final year jut.I was heading a group of 4 aggroup members.BackgroundCE 1.2 During my fifth semester in the university I studied a subject relate d to renewable sinew resources and it fascinated me big time. Most of these resources atomic number 18 environmentally friendly and they would be here to serve us even when the other traditional slide fastener resources would be depleted. Especially in country like Pakistan, its the need of hour to explore the renewable resources. Despite having the potential, Pakistan is zippo deficient. I decided to dissemble on renewable energy resources during my final year examine in an attempt to help the country with potential ways to produce energy.Nature of ascertainCE 1.3 The nature of the project was to study the renewable resources currently deployed in the country and the scope of sustainable energy in the country. Particularly, Concentrated Solar Power was the primary(prenominal) focus of the project including development of concentrated solar thermal reason by using Parabolic Trough Technology.Objective of the ProjectCE 1.4 The target area of the project was to design 1MW so lar powerfulnessfulness plant using parabolic trough technology and help Pakistan to overcome energy crisis by using the scotch energy resources.Nature of My Particular elaborate areaCE 1.5 Being the leader of the group, I had to perform many duties. Some of them are listed belowappointment tasks to team membersKeep track of the work done by group membersArrange meetings between group members and supervisorSelection of technology for solar powerDesign calculationsReport writingCE 1.6 Organizational structurePersonal Engineering ActivityCE 1.7 After being selected as leader it was my right to start the project right away. So that it could be finished on time. I divided the project into assorted decomposes and assigned each part to different member of the group. I had to perform the design calculations and report writing. Other two members had to do literature review, select a storage system and fork up conclusion and recommendations.CE 1.8 To control the overall project it wa s required to set target dates for each activity, I utilize Microsoft project to help me in project planning. While appoint the tasks to the members, I also made sure to give them a particular time period to finish each task. After assigning the tasks I kept track of their performances by conducting frequent meetings. If someone was lagging behind, I made sure to help him finish the task within aware time. It helped me a lot to finish the project efficiently before the due(p) date.CE 1.9 I had to keep the supervisor aware of the progress of project. During the project I had many meetings with the supervisor for the consultation and as well as to report the progress of team members and myself. I had to keep record of all the activities from start of the project till the end and present them to the supervisor from time to time to see whether we were on track or not.CE 1.10 Basically solar power coffin nail be used in two different ways to produce the energy Concentrating solar po wer and Photovoltaic. I had to decide which technology we were going to use in our project. The reason behind selecting the concentration technology was that the absorbing materials are more expensive than the reflecting materials. In concentration technology a large rally of reflecting material concentrates the solar power on to a smaller absorbing surface of a accumulator. Second reason was, due to small size of the collector surface the rate of heat loss from the collector would be low and they scum bag be used at an elevated temperature.CE 1.11 After selecting the concentrating solar power as main source, I had to pick one of the man ways to concentrate solar power like Parabolic Trough, Solar power Tower, Dish String, Fresnel reflectors. Keeping the local conditions in Lahore in mind and to get a little flexibility I selected parabolic trough. Local conditions in Lahore are much suitable to produce power using a parabolic trough and it could also be used with constant tracki ng or seasonally adjusted, depending upon the efficiency needed and finances available.CE 1.12 To begin with the designing, first I had to find the honors of enthalpies at different points of the cycle. After that I had to calculate the energy required from concentration and quiet and cooling media flow rates required to produce 1MW electricity. That energy helped me to decide the field requirement and configure solar filed.CE 1.13 On the basis on the environment locally in Lahore, I had to set some input parameters for the design. The solar irradiation in Lahore was enough to produce the required input temperature and on the base of temperature the value of operating pressure was fixed.Parameters I used, are given belowPower Output at Turbine turncock move Pressure to Inlet of Turbine Steam Pressure at the outlet of Turbine Steam Temperature to Inlet of Turbine Specific heat capacity weewee CE 1.14 In designing different assumptions were made on the basis of literature review. Assumptions used in calculations are given belowSteam Generator Efficiency = 85Isentropic Efficiency of Turbine Isentropic Efficiency of Pump Reflectors Absorbers Combined Efficiency Land Usage Factor Condenser Water Temperature Difference Solar detachment CE 1.15 After setting all the parameters and assumptions I did Enthalpy Calculations.The Rankine cycle and line diagram of such a system are shown below look-alike 1 Real Rankine cycle (non-ideal)The real life Rankine cycle is composed of 6 processes as shown above in figure 1. peg 1-2, boiler increases the unruffled temperature and pressure to convert it to a point where the addition of latent heat will lead to the conversion of eloquent into wet steam, as shown from point 2-3 Stage 3-4 leads to a pressure increase to convert the wet liquid into superheated steam. After the work done by the steam, stage 5-6, the losses in pressure and temperature due to turbine work leading to the next stage where condensation occurs. The wor king fluid is heated a bit to improve the efficiency of the system and the cycle is repeated again. The process is illustrated in figure 1.The figure 2 shows all these processes in a parabolic trough system. From stage 1-2, concentrated solar energy increases the fluid temperature and pressure. Stage 2-3 converts this fluid into wet steam, using solar energy. During stage 3-4, further addition of energy converts the liquid into superheated steam. Pressurized superheated steam expands in a steam turbine which operates a generator to produce electricity. In the last stage, this low pressure and temperature steam, eventually, condenses into fluid again.Figure 2 Parabolic Trough SystemThe values of enthalpies and entropies at different temperatures and pressures, at different points in Rankine cycle, were taken from the steam table. The enthalpy of steam at the inlet of steam turbine (h4) at the pressure and temperature values ofSo The selective information of steam at the inlet of ste am turbine (S4) at the pressure and temperature values ofSo Because the ideal expansion in the steam turbine was IsentropicSo The atomic number 16 of the steam at the exit of steam turbine can be determined from the formulaWhere The entropies of steam at the exit of steam turbine (SE) at the pressure value ofSo, by using above given formula, the valve of dryness fraction wasTo find the enthalpy of steam at the exit of steam turbine (Ideal), following equation was used = The enthalpies of steam at the exit of steam turbine (SE) at the pressure value ofThenThe isentropic efficiency of the steam turbine was given by the following intercourseUsing equationThe actual dryness fraction now can be metric from the following relation = So The enthalpy of steam by and by the condenser at the stage 6 was given byV1 is the specific volume of the saturated liquid taken from the steam table at P5The work of pump was calculated using the formulaThe enthalpy of liquid at the outlet of pump i.e. at stage 1 was given asSo The isentropic efficiency of the pump was given by the following relationUsing above equation, the actual value of enthalpy can be calculatedSo CE 1.16 Using the enthalpies calculated in the earlier step, I calculated the steam flow rate. The energy required to convert the saturated liquid from point 1 into superheated steam to point 4 is given byThe work output/kg of steam flow of the turbine was given byThe power output at the outlet of turbine was obtained by dividing the system output by generator efficiency so it was given byThis output was equal to turbine work output/kg of steam flow multiplied by its flow rate so given by the following formulaCE 1.17 Steam flow rate was used to calculate the condenser water flow rate.The heat rejected by the water in the condenser/kg of water flow was calculated asIf the temperature differential of inlet and outlet of condenser is thenSo, the total energy that we require from solar concentration to generate 1MW el ectricity was calculated byThis is the amount of energy we have to produce from the concentration of solar irradiance using solar field consists of reflectors and receivers.CE 1.18 After calculating the energy required from solar concentration, I used that energy to calculate the size of filed required. I already had the assumed values of solar insulation G and have efficiency of absorber and reflectors. Reflector area was calculated using following formulaWhere is the reflector area in m2SoTaking into account the land economic consumption factor Lu=60%SoCE 1.19 In the last step I calculated the overall efficiency of the plant by fetching ratio of power output to power input.Where So the overall efficiency comes out to beCE 1.20 In safety talks I cautioned my team members to be careful around the hot surfaces. I placed the warning signs near high temperature and high pressure points.I advised my group members to protect their disrobe by covering it or by using sunscreen, while working outside, so that they could avoid sunburns. Due to these precautions, project was completed without any personal injuries. synopsisCE 1.21 After all the hard yards of 6 months, I was able to present my design of 1 MW power plant run by solar power aimed to reduce energy deficiency. I presented it as my final year project (combined power point presentation + project report) in front of project supervisor, chairman of mechanical engineering department and an external examiner. It was a stepping stone in power industry in Pakistan. 1 MW power plant can produced sufficient energy to cater for the normal operation of the community households. Moreover, the innovation could not only reduce the global carbon foot print simply it could also shift the reliance from already depleting traditional fossil fuel resources. This project helped to understand that its need of the day to switch our focus to renewable energy resources to cope with energy deficiency, more local councils are no w encouraging to switch to micro energy renewable resources and design such plants. In the end, I would like to say that it was a great honor for me to see people getting inspiration from my work and using the renewable energy to fix the biggest difficulty of the country.

Moral Conflicts in Crime and Punishment Essay -- Crime Punishment Essa

Moral Conflicts in Fydor Dostoyevskys Crime and Punishment Crime and Punishment by Fydor Dostoyevsky has been hailed as the greatest literary work in the Western hemisphere. Crime and Punishment was written in pre-Communist Russia under the Tsar. Dostoyevskys writing shows insight into the human mind that is at once f declineening and frighteningly real. His of import character, around who all other characters are introduced, is Rodion Romanovitch Raskolnikov. Raskolnikov murders an old pawnbroker woman for seemingly no reason at all. His baby and mother move to St. Petersburg following his sisters scrap to a man whom Raskolnikov was extremely displeased. Raskolnikov undergoes severe mental trauma, and falls ill after the killing. The reader isnt sure why Raskolnikov killed the woman, indeed it appears that Raskolnikov didnt know himself. He is surround by fri give the axes and his family and draws in other characters to him during his illness. He befriends a woman, Sofya Seymona vitch, who prostitutes herself to support her mother and her drunken father. As the police come closer onto his trail Raskolnikov faces serious threats to his sister from her two suitors, one of which tries to rape her and kills himself after he finds that he cant bring himself to. At the end Raskolnikov gives himself up, and gives his family into the care of his friend Rauzumihin, who marries Raskolnikovs sister Douina. Dostoyevsky exposes the darkest sides of human nature in with characters that are completely human. The tale Dostoyevsky weaves is a murder mystery, with the murderer and all the facts of the murder known in the very first pages of the book. How then can it be a murder mystery? The mystery is finding out why Raskolnikov comm... ...and then gives all of his money in the world to Marmeledovs family after his death? Who befriends and supports Sofya? Who judgment of conviction and time again defends his sisters honor and safety? Can the reader call this man murderer, shun him, and cast him out, make him the bad guy? Or essential the reader be forced to see the suffering Raskolnikov is inflicting upon himself, the acceptance that what he did was evil, his urge to confess to the world what he had done. Must the reader in the end admit that this horrible criminal is human? That Rodion Romanovitch Raskolnikov was neither brute nor hero, but one of us? Dostoyevsky leaves the reader who was looking to divide the characters with the sword of moral right and wrong with the sword pointing directly at himself. Works CitedDostoevsky, Fyodor. Crime and Punishment. Trans. Constance Garnett. New York Modern Library, 1950.

Bless Me Ultima Book Report Essay -- essays research papers

Book Report Bless Me, UltimaTitle of body of work Bless Me UltimaAuthor & Date Written Rudolfo Anaya 1972 estate of Author New Mexico, USACharacters Ultima- An old Curandera who comes to spend her last days with Antonio and his family. She is Tonys mentor and helps him to find the right path for his life.Antonio Marez- A young male child who is torn between his parents a Marez and a Luna. But with the help of Ultima, he discovers his own destiny. He thirsts for knowledge he is a curios boy, an outstanding student, and a doubting worshiper.Maria Luna - Antonios mother. A kind woman whos one dream is to see her youngest son become a priest. She is obsessed with his education and pushes him to con about the culture of her family, the Lunas.Gabriel Marez- Antonios father. A proud man, a carefree rancher on the plains who tends to push his son away from his mothers protective arms. He is often depressed because he gave up his lifestyle for his wife. His dream in to move to California .Lupito- A man turned mad by the happenings of the war who kills the sherriff of the town in cold blood. It is his blood that first defiles the river. The memory of his death stays with Tony throughout the novel and causes him to think about the difference between good and wicked and forgiveness.Narciso- An honorable man who tries to protect Ultima from harm. Because of the loss of his young wife, Narciso begins to drink and is known as the town drunk. Through his garden, Narciso makes magic by growing beautiful flowers and plants. He is later killed by Tenorio in cold blood while trying to warn Ultima of harm and is buried as the town drunk instead of the wedge that he is.Leon, Andrew, and Eugene- Tonys brothers. The giants in his dream. They go off to fight the War and come back grown men with their own dreams and beliefs. The inevitably break the center of their proud father by going out on their own and not helping him fulfill his dream of moving to California. &n... ...ment in which the story takes place. His ellaborate verbal description of the llano shows you the beauty of Spanish America and helps you to understand the restless culture of the vaqueros who wander across it. Also, Anaya gives you a detailed description of El Puerto. The village in which the Lunas reside. The tomography in this description also helps you to understand the culture of the farmers, the calm and quiet people who plant their crops by the light of the moon and live in peace. imaging plays and important role in this novel because without it, certain aspects such as the point of views of twain the Lunas and the Marez faimy, would never be understood .Significance of Title of Work The title of the novel Bless Me, Ultima shows the power and knowledge of Ultima. At the end of the story, Antonio says, Bless me, Ultima (260). With these words you find the meaning of the title. Authors Techniques Rudolfo Anaya uses many Spanish terms in this book. The reason for this is to show the culture of the characters in the novel. Also he uses imagery to explain the beauty of the llano the Spanish America. By using both these techniques in his writing, Anaya bring s the true culture of